This chapter discusses how religious establishment involves institutional links between state and organized religion. While establishment is often material, it also has symbolic aspects, and sometimes establishment is mainly symbolic. The question we are concerned with here is whether establishment is normatively problematic even when it is purely symbolic. Two accounts, which are present but often not systematically articulated in the literature, for why symbolic establishment might be problematic are presented: the alienation account and the symbolic equality account. These two accounts are importantly different from each other and they face different challenges, which critics of symbolic establishment have to address.