Conclusion: Bhakti's Balm in Bengal
Conclusion: Bhakti's Balm in Bengal
This concluding chapter has three aims. These are: to recapitulate and comment upon the nuances of the relationship between bhakti (or the devotional attitude) and Tantra as it is expressed in Bengal; to offer some conceptual and theoretical models that may help to explain the rise of this poetry tradition and its (at least partial) success in taming, humanizing, and universalizing Kālī and Umā; and finally to place these softened goddesses of the Bengali Śākta poets in an all‐India context by highlighting similarities and differences between their travels and those of other Hindu and Buddhist deities.
Keywords: Bengal, Bengali, bhakti, Buddhism, goddesses, Hinduism, history, India, Kālī, poetry, poets, Śāktism, Tantra, Umā
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