The Age of Photius (843–886)
The Age of Photius (843–886)
Covers the Orthodox Church in the period 843–86, and has six sections. The first begins by discussing the reign of the moderate Patriarch Methodius (843–7)—who was described as restoring orthodox icon veneration in the previous chapter—and his conflict with monasticism; it goes on to give an account of the first patriarchate of the monk Ignatius until his resignation in 858. The second section describes the first patriarchate of Photius (a layman and civil servant) in 858–67, and the deteriorating relations between Rome and Constantinople, which finally led to the reinstatement of Ignatius as patriarch. The third section describes the second patriarchate of Ignatius (867–77) and the council of Constantinople (869–70), and the fourth the second patriarchate of Photius (877–86) following the death of Ignatius, the alleged second Photian schism between Rome and Constantinople (not now generally accepted) and the forced resignation of Photius in 886. The fifth section discusses the work of Photius as a churchman and humanist, and the sixth covers Byzantine missionary activities in the early Middle Ages.
Keywords: Byzantium, conflict, icons, mediaeval history, missionaries, monasticism, Orthodox Church, orthodoxy, Patriarch Ignatius, Patriarch Methodius, Patriarch Photius
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