- Title Pages
- Acknowledgements
- List of Figures
- List of Tables
- List of Contributors
- 1 Parliamentary Democracy: Promise and Problems
- 2 Delegation and its Perils
- 3 Parliamentary Democracy and Delegation
- 4 Democratic Delegation and Accountability: Cross-national Patterns
- 5 Austria: Imperfect Parliamentarism but Fully-fledged Party Democracy
- 6 Belgium: Delegation and Accountability under Partitocratic Rule
- 7 Denmark: Delegation and Accountability in Minority Situations
- 8 Finland: Polarized Pluralism in the Shadow of a Strong President
- 9 France: Delegation and Accountability in the Fifth Republic
- 10 Germany: Multiple Veto Points, Informal Coordination, and Problems of Hidden Action
- 11 Greece: ‘Rationalizing’ Constitutional Powers in a Post-dictatorial Country
- 12 Iceland: A Parliamentary Democracy with a Semi-presidential Constitution
- 13 Ireland: ‘O What a Tangled Web. . .’—Delegation, Accountability, and Executive Power
- 14 Italy: Delegation and Accountability in a Changing Parliamentary Democracy
- 15 Luxembourg: A Case of More ‘Direct’ Delegation and Accountability
- 16 The Netherlands: Rules and Mores in Delegation and Accountability Relationships
- 17 Norway: Virtual Parliamentarism
- 18 Portugal: Changing Patterns of Delegation and Accountability under the President's Watchful Eyes
- 19 Spain: Delegation and Accountability in a Newly Established Democracy
- 20 Sweden: From Separation of Power to Parliamentary Supremacy—and Back Again?
- 21 The United Kingdom: Still a Single ‘Chain of Command’? The Hollowing Out of the ‘Westminster Model’
- 22 Dimensions of Citizen Control
- 23 Challenges to Parliamentary Democracy
- Index
Iceland: A Parliamentary Democracy with a Semi-presidential Constitutio n
Iceland: A Parliamentary Democracy with a Semi-presidential Constitutio n
- Chapter:
- (p.399) 12 Iceland: A Parliamentary Democracy with a Semi-presidential Constitution
- Source:
- Delegation and Accountability in Parliamentary Democracies
- Author(s):
Svanur Kristjánsson
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Formerly, the principles of delegation and accountability were poorly developed within this system, because the logic of Iceland’s patronage system embedded political relationships in a social system of mutual exchange and favours. This has changed over time as society has become more pluralistic and corporatism, which allows interest groups to dominate decision-making in some areas, has developed. Open primaries have eliminated safe seats and have made individual MPs more directly accountable to voters. Open primaries limit party discipline with regard to electoral opportunities, but political parties still can exert control over individual MPs using campaign finance.
Keywords: constitutional tradition, corporatism, European economic area (EEA) membership, interest groups, open primaries, party rule, patronage, proportional representation, referendums
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- Title Pages
- Acknowledgements
- List of Figures
- List of Tables
- List of Contributors
- 1 Parliamentary Democracy: Promise and Problems
- 2 Delegation and its Perils
- 3 Parliamentary Democracy and Delegation
- 4 Democratic Delegation and Accountability: Cross-national Patterns
- 5 Austria: Imperfect Parliamentarism but Fully-fledged Party Democracy
- 6 Belgium: Delegation and Accountability under Partitocratic Rule
- 7 Denmark: Delegation and Accountability in Minority Situations
- 8 Finland: Polarized Pluralism in the Shadow of a Strong President
- 9 France: Delegation and Accountability in the Fifth Republic
- 10 Germany: Multiple Veto Points, Informal Coordination, and Problems of Hidden Action
- 11 Greece: ‘Rationalizing’ Constitutional Powers in a Post-dictatorial Country
- 12 Iceland: A Parliamentary Democracy with a Semi-presidential Constitution
- 13 Ireland: ‘O What a Tangled Web. . .’—Delegation, Accountability, and Executive Power
- 14 Italy: Delegation and Accountability in a Changing Parliamentary Democracy
- 15 Luxembourg: A Case of More ‘Direct’ Delegation and Accountability
- 16 The Netherlands: Rules and Mores in Delegation and Accountability Relationships
- 17 Norway: Virtual Parliamentarism
- 18 Portugal: Changing Patterns of Delegation and Accountability under the President's Watchful Eyes
- 19 Spain: Delegation and Accountability in a Newly Established Democracy
- 20 Sweden: From Separation of Power to Parliamentary Supremacy—and Back Again?
- 21 The United Kingdom: Still a Single ‘Chain of Command’? The Hollowing Out of the ‘Westminster Model’
- 22 Dimensions of Citizen Control
- 23 Challenges to Parliamentary Democracy
- Index
