Elections, Parties, Democracy: Conferring the Median Mandate
Michael D. McDonald and Ian Budge
Abstract
The book proposes a unifying conception which shows that the differences between ‘majoritarian’, ‘consensus’ and other forms of representative democracy are superficial compared to what unites them. The common element is the empowerment of the median voter by making the party (s)he votes for the median party in the legislature. Comparative evidene covering 21 democracies from 1950-1995 is assembled to check out the descriptive credentials of this idea, in contrast to the government mandate which forms the normal description and justification of democracy as providing ‘a necessary link between ... More
The book proposes a unifying conception which shows that the differences between ‘majoritarian’, ‘consensus’ and other forms of representative democracy are superficial compared to what unites them. The common element is the empowerment of the median voter by making the party (s)he votes for the median party in the legislature. Comparative evidene covering 21 democracies from 1950-1995 is assembled to check out the descriptive credentials of this idea, in contrast to the government mandate which forms the normal description and justification of democracy as providing ‘a necessary link between popular preferences and public policy’. Although, spontaneous majorities rarely emerge, median voter - median party correspondences do (72% of all governments, 82% under PR). Policy correspondence, distortion, long term bias, and responsiveness are examined in both static and dynamic terms. They reveal that underneath short-term fluctuations, the long-term equilibrium positions of governments and median voters map each other closely. Many other questions about democracy are also raised and investigated — economic and retrospective voting (‘ kicking the rascals out’): policy incrementalism, etc. — giving the book an appeal to different groups of specialists in political science. The comparative data on voting, on electoral party and government preferences, and on actual policy outputs are unsurpassed with regards to comprehensiveness over nations and time.
Keywords:
representation,
mandates,
government mandate,
median mandate,
democratic theory,
direct democracy,
comparative data,
policy convergence
Bibliographic Information
| Print publication date: 2005 |
Print ISBN-13: 9780199286720 |
| Published to Oxford Scholarship Online: February 2006 |
DOI:10.1093/0199286728.001.0001 |
Authors
Affiliations are at time of print publication.
Michael D. McDonald, author
Associate Professor in Politics, Binghamton University
Author Webpage
Ian Budge, author
Professor of Government, University of Essex
Author Webpage
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