Religious Freedom and Gay Rights: Emerging Conflicts in the United States and Europe
Timothy Shah, Thomas Farr, and Jack Friedman
Abstract
In the United States and Europe, an increasing emphasis on equality has pitted rights claims against each other, raising profound philosophical, moral, legal, and political questions about the meaning and reach of religious liberty. Nowhere has this conflict been more salient than in the debate between claims of religious freedom, on one hand, and equal rights claims made on the behalf of members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community, on the other. As new rights for LGBT individuals have expanded in liberal democracies across the West, longstanding rights of religious ... More
In the United States and Europe, an increasing emphasis on equality has pitted rights claims against each other, raising profound philosophical, moral, legal, and political questions about the meaning and reach of religious liberty. Nowhere has this conflict been more salient than in the debate between claims of religious freedom, on one hand, and equal rights claims made on the behalf of members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community, on the other. As new rights for LGBT individuals have expanded in liberal democracies across the West, longstanding rights of religious freedom—such as the rights of religious communities to adhere to their fundamental teachings, including protecting the rights of conscience; the rights of parents to impart their religious beliefs to their children; and the liberty to advance religiously based moral arguments as a rationale for laws—have suffered a corresponding decline. This book brings together some of the world’s leading thinkers on religion, morality, politics, and law to analyze the emerging tensions between religious freedom and gay rights. What implications does an expanding regime of equality rights for LGBT individuals have on religious freedom? What are the legal and moral frameworks that govern tensions between rights claims for gay equality and religious freedom? How are these tensions illustrated in particular legal, political, and policy controversies? And what is the proper way to balance new claims of equality against existing claims for freedom of religious individuals and groups?
Keywords:
religious freedom,
gay rights,
equality,
discrimination,
conscientious objection,
reasonable accommodation,
law,
same-sex marriage,
Europe,
United States
Bibliographic Information
Print publication date: 2016 |
Print ISBN-13: 9780190600600 |
Published to Oxford Scholarship Online: June 2016 |
DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190600600.001.0001 |
Authors
Affiliations are at time of print publication.
Timothy Shah, editor
Associate Director of the Religious Freedom Project at the Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs, Georgetown University
Thomas Farr, editor
Visiting Associate Professor of Religion and International Affairs, Georgetown University
Jack Friedman, editor
Research Assistant at the Religious Freedom Project at the Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs, Georgetown University
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