- Title Pages
- Dedication
- Preface
- Symbols and Units
- Abbreviations
- Physical Constants
-
Chapter 1 Introduction -
I Anatomical and Physiological Basis of Bioelectromagnetism -
Chapter 2 Nerve and Muscle Cells -
Chapter 3 Subthreshold Membrane Phenomena -
Chapter 4 Active Behavior of the Membrane -
Chapter 5 Synapses, Receptor Cells, and Brain -
Chapter 6 The Heart -
II Bioelectric Sources and Conductors and their Modeling -
Chapter 7 Volume Source and Volume Conductor -
Chapter 8 Source-Field Models -
Chapter 9 Bidomain Model of Multicellular Volume Conductors -
Chapter 10 Electronic Neuron Models -
III Theoretical Methods in Bioelectromagnetism -
Chapter 11 Theoretical Methods for Analyzing Volume Sources and Volume Conductors -
Chapter 12 Theory of Biomagnetic Measurements -
IV Electric and Magnetic Measurement of the Electric Activity of Neural Tissue -
Chapter 13 Electroencephalography -
Chapter 14 Magnetoencephalography -
V Electric and Magnetic Measurement of the Electric Activity of the Heart -
Chapter 15 12-Lead ECG System -
Chapter 16 Vectorcardiographic Lead Systems -
Chapter 17 Other ECG Lead Systems -
Chapter 18 Distortion Factors in the ECG -
Chapter 19 The Basis of ECG Diagnosis -
Chapter 20 Magnetocardiography -
VI Electric and Magnetic Stimulation of Neural Tissue -
Chapter 21 Functional Electric Stimulation -
Chapter 22 Magnetic Stimulation of Neural Tissue -
VII Electric and Magnetic Stimulation of the Heart -
Chapter 23 Cardiac Pacing -
Chapter 24 Cardiac Defibrillation -
VIII Measurement of the Intrinsic Electric Properties of Biological Tissues -
Chapter 25 Impedance Plethysmography -
Chapter 26 Impedance Tomography -
Chapter 27 The Electrodermal Response -
IX Other Bioelectromagnetic Phenomena -
Chapter 28 The Electric Signals Originating in the Eye -
Appendix A Consistent System of Rectangular and Spherical Coordinates for Electrocardiology and Magnetocardiology -
Appendix B Application of Maxwell's Equations In Bioelectromagnetism - Name Index
- Subject Index
Cardiac Pacing
Cardiac Pacing
- Chapter:
- (p.385) Chapter 23 Cardiac Pacing
- Source:
- Bioelectromagnetism
- Author(s):
Jaakko Malmivuo
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
This chapter considers the response of cardiac muscle to electric stimulation. It considers its particular application to the pacing and defibrillating of the heart. There are a number of significant differences that distinguish cardiac activation from the stimulation of nerve arising in FES. They come about first because of the size differences in these two cases. For stimulation of a nerve the target region is of the order of a few cubic millimeters, while the target region in the heart is in the order of a few cubic centimeters. The chapter describes the various practical aspects of pacemaker design and considers the following topics: control of impulses, site of stimulation, excitation parameters and configuration, implantable energy sources, and electrodes.
Keywords: cardiac pacing, electric stimulation, defibrillation, energy sources, electrodes, cardiac muscle
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- Title Pages
- Dedication
- Preface
- Symbols and Units
- Abbreviations
- Physical Constants
-
Chapter 1 Introduction -
I Anatomical and Physiological Basis of Bioelectromagnetism -
Chapter 2 Nerve and Muscle Cells -
Chapter 3 Subthreshold Membrane Phenomena -
Chapter 4 Active Behavior of the Membrane -
Chapter 5 Synapses, Receptor Cells, and Brain -
Chapter 6 The Heart -
II Bioelectric Sources and Conductors and their Modeling -
Chapter 7 Volume Source and Volume Conductor -
Chapter 8 Source-Field Models -
Chapter 9 Bidomain Model of Multicellular Volume Conductors -
Chapter 10 Electronic Neuron Models -
III Theoretical Methods in Bioelectromagnetism -
Chapter 11 Theoretical Methods for Analyzing Volume Sources and Volume Conductors -
Chapter 12 Theory of Biomagnetic Measurements -
IV Electric and Magnetic Measurement of the Electric Activity of Neural Tissue -
Chapter 13 Electroencephalography -
Chapter 14 Magnetoencephalography -
V Electric and Magnetic Measurement of the Electric Activity of the Heart -
Chapter 15 12-Lead ECG System -
Chapter 16 Vectorcardiographic Lead Systems -
Chapter 17 Other ECG Lead Systems -
Chapter 18 Distortion Factors in the ECG -
Chapter 19 The Basis of ECG Diagnosis -
Chapter 20 Magnetocardiography -
VI Electric and Magnetic Stimulation of Neural Tissue -
Chapter 21 Functional Electric Stimulation -
Chapter 22 Magnetic Stimulation of Neural Tissue -
VII Electric and Magnetic Stimulation of the Heart -
Chapter 23 Cardiac Pacing -
Chapter 24 Cardiac Defibrillation -
VIII Measurement of the Intrinsic Electric Properties of Biological Tissues -
Chapter 25 Impedance Plethysmography -
Chapter 26 Impedance Tomography -
Chapter 27 The Electrodermal Response -
IX Other Bioelectromagnetic Phenomena -
Chapter 28 The Electric Signals Originating in the Eye -
Appendix A Consistent System of Rectangular and Spherical Coordinates for Electrocardiology and Magnetocardiology -
Appendix B Application of Maxwell's Equations In Bioelectromagnetism - Name Index
- Subject Index
