- Title Pages
- Dedication
- Preface
- Symbols and Units
- Abbreviations
- Physical Constants
-
Chapter 1 Introduction -
I Anatomical and Physiological Basis of Bioelectromagnetism -
Chapter 2 Nerve and Muscle Cells -
Chapter 3 Subthreshold Membrane Phenomena -
Chapter 4 Active Behavior of the Membrane -
Chapter 5 Synapses, Receptor Cells, and Brain -
Chapter 6 The Heart -
II Bioelectric Sources and Conductors and their Modeling -
Chapter 7 Volume Source and Volume Conductor -
Chapter 8 Source-Field Models -
Chapter 9 Bidomain Model of Multicellular Volume Conductors -
Chapter 10 Electronic Neuron Models -
III Theoretical Methods in Bioelectromagnetism -
Chapter 11 Theoretical Methods for Analyzing Volume Sources and Volume Conductors -
Chapter 12 Theory of Biomagnetic Measurements -
IV Electric and Magnetic Measurement of the Electric Activity of Neural Tissue -
Chapter 13 Electroencephalography -
Chapter 14 Magnetoencephalography -
V Electric and Magnetic Measurement of the Electric Activity of the Heart -
Chapter 15 12-Lead ECG System -
Chapter 16 Vectorcardiographic Lead Systems -
Chapter 17 Other ECG Lead Systems -
Chapter 18 Distortion Factors in the ECG -
Chapter 19 The Basis of ECG Diagnosis -
Chapter 20 Magnetocardiography -
VI Electric and Magnetic Stimulation of Neural Tissue -
Chapter 21 Functional Electric Stimulation -
Chapter 22 Magnetic Stimulation of Neural Tissue -
VII Electric and Magnetic Stimulation of the Heart -
Chapter 23 Cardiac Pacing -
Chapter 24 Cardiac Defibrillation -
VIII Measurement of the Intrinsic Electric Properties of Biological Tissues -
Chapter 25 Impedance Plethysmography -
Chapter 26 Impedance Tomography -
Chapter 27 The Electrodermal Response -
IX Other Bioelectromagnetic Phenomena -
Chapter 28 The Electric Signals Originating in the Eye -
Appendix A Consistent System of Rectangular and Spherical Coordinates for Electrocardiology and Magnetocardiology -
Appendix B Application of Maxwell's Equations In Bioelectromagnetism - Name Index
- Subject Index
The Electric Signals Originating in the Eye
The Electric Signals Originating in the Eye
- Chapter:
- (p.437) Chapter 28 The Electric Signals Originating in the Eye
- Source:
- Bioelectromagnetism
- Author(s):
Jaakko Malmivuo
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
This chapter contains some details concerning the electro-oculogram (EOG) as it relates to eye movement, including nystagmus. The collective behavior of the entire retina is a bioelectric generator, which sets up a field in the surrounding volume conductor. This potential field is normally measured between an electrode on the cornea (contact-lens type) and a reference electrode on the forehead. The recorded signal is known as the electroretinogram (ERG). It may be examined both for basic science studies and for clinical diagnostic purposes. The electroretinogram is discussed in this chapter in connection with the electrooculogram to follow the anatomical division of bioelectromagnetism. It is, of course, more practical to discuss all electric signals originating in the eye after the anatomy and physiology of this organ are presented.
Keywords: electric signals, electro-oculogram, eye movement, nystagmus, retina, electroretinogram
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- Title Pages
- Dedication
- Preface
- Symbols and Units
- Abbreviations
- Physical Constants
-
Chapter 1 Introduction -
I Anatomical and Physiological Basis of Bioelectromagnetism -
Chapter 2 Nerve and Muscle Cells -
Chapter 3 Subthreshold Membrane Phenomena -
Chapter 4 Active Behavior of the Membrane -
Chapter 5 Synapses, Receptor Cells, and Brain -
Chapter 6 The Heart -
II Bioelectric Sources and Conductors and their Modeling -
Chapter 7 Volume Source and Volume Conductor -
Chapter 8 Source-Field Models -
Chapter 9 Bidomain Model of Multicellular Volume Conductors -
Chapter 10 Electronic Neuron Models -
III Theoretical Methods in Bioelectromagnetism -
Chapter 11 Theoretical Methods for Analyzing Volume Sources and Volume Conductors -
Chapter 12 Theory of Biomagnetic Measurements -
IV Electric and Magnetic Measurement of the Electric Activity of Neural Tissue -
Chapter 13 Electroencephalography -
Chapter 14 Magnetoencephalography -
V Electric and Magnetic Measurement of the Electric Activity of the Heart -
Chapter 15 12-Lead ECG System -
Chapter 16 Vectorcardiographic Lead Systems -
Chapter 17 Other ECG Lead Systems -
Chapter 18 Distortion Factors in the ECG -
Chapter 19 The Basis of ECG Diagnosis -
Chapter 20 Magnetocardiography -
VI Electric and Magnetic Stimulation of Neural Tissue -
Chapter 21 Functional Electric Stimulation -
Chapter 22 Magnetic Stimulation of Neural Tissue -
VII Electric and Magnetic Stimulation of the Heart -
Chapter 23 Cardiac Pacing -
Chapter 24 Cardiac Defibrillation -
VIII Measurement of the Intrinsic Electric Properties of Biological Tissues -
Chapter 25 Impedance Plethysmography -
Chapter 26 Impedance Tomography -
Chapter 27 The Electrodermal Response -
IX Other Bioelectromagnetic Phenomena -
Chapter 28 The Electric Signals Originating in the Eye -
Appendix A Consistent System of Rectangular and Spherical Coordinates for Electrocardiology and Magnetocardiology -
Appendix B Application of Maxwell's Equations In Bioelectromagnetism - Name Index
- Subject Index
