- Title Pages
- Dedication
- Preface
- Contributors
- 1 Electrical activity of nerve: The background up to 1952
- 2 Morphology of normal peripheral axons
- 3 Morphology of central nervous system axons
- 4 Physiology of axons
- 5 The Schwann cell: Morphology and development
- 6 The oligodendrocyte, the perinodal astrocyte, and the central node of Ranvier
- 7 Molecular biology of myelination
- 8 Mechanisms of adhesion between axons and glial cells
- 9 Axonal transport: Function and mechanisms
- 10 Development of axons: Calcium, steering, and the growth cone
- 11 Voltage-gated ion channels in axons: Localization, function, and development
- 12 Molecular biology of voltage-dependent potassium and sodium channels
- 13 Voltage-clamp studies in axons: Macroscopic and single-channel currents
- 14 Modulation of axonal excitability by neurotransmitter receptors
- 15 Ion pumps and exchangers
- 16 Mechanisms of accommodation and adaptation in myelinated axons
- 17 Electrophysiological approaches to the study of axons
- 18 Action potential conduction recorded optically in normal, demyelinated, and remyelinating axons
- 19 Reaction of the neuronal cell body to axonal damage
- 20 Axonal degeneration and disorders of the axonal cytoskeleton
- 21 Pathology of demyelinated and dysmyelinated axons
- 22 Pathology of the myelin sheath
- 23 Pathophysiology of demyelinated axons
- 24 Anoxic/ischemic injury in axons
- 25 Traumatic injury of spinal axons
- 26 Diffuse axonal injury
- 27 Abnormal excitability in injured axons
- 28 Regeneration of peripheral nervous system axons
- 29 Role of cellular interactions in axonal growth and regeneration
- 30 Clinical electrophysiology of peripheral nervous system axons
- 31 Clinical assessment of central nervous system axons: Evoked potentials
- 32 Human peripheral nerve disease (peripheral neuropathies)
- 33 Overview of clinical aspects of multiple sclerosis, including cognitive deficit
- 34 Clinical aspects of traumatic injury to central nervous system axons
- Index
Mechanisms of accommodation and adaptation in myelinated axons
Mechanisms of accommodation and adaptation in myelinated axons
- Chapter:
- (p.311) 16 Mechanisms of accommodation and adaptation in myelinated axons
- Source:
- The Axon
- Author(s):
HUGH BOSTOCK
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
This chapter discusses accommodation in the nonspecialized parts of the axons of peripheral nerve. The term “accommodation” is taken to embrace both the processes that oppose the increase in axonal excitability caused by long-lasting, subthreshold depolarizing currents and also the processes of adaptation that limit repetitive firing to a maintained subthreshold current. In normal mammalian fibers, subthreshold accommodation is less important than often assumed, and closely related to electrotonic changes in membrane potential that depend on slow (Ks) and fast (Kf1) potassium channels. In depolarized fibers, inactivation of sodium channels plays a major role and accommodation becomes faster and stronger and less related to membrane potential. In hyperpolarized fibers, the passive cable properties become relatively more important and accommodation is weaker and delayed.
Keywords: axons, peripheral nerve, subthreshold accommodation, mammalian fibers, depolarized fibers, hyperpolarized fibers
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- Title Pages
- Dedication
- Preface
- Contributors
- 1 Electrical activity of nerve: The background up to 1952
- 2 Morphology of normal peripheral axons
- 3 Morphology of central nervous system axons
- 4 Physiology of axons
- 5 The Schwann cell: Morphology and development
- 6 The oligodendrocyte, the perinodal astrocyte, and the central node of Ranvier
- 7 Molecular biology of myelination
- 8 Mechanisms of adhesion between axons and glial cells
- 9 Axonal transport: Function and mechanisms
- 10 Development of axons: Calcium, steering, and the growth cone
- 11 Voltage-gated ion channels in axons: Localization, function, and development
- 12 Molecular biology of voltage-dependent potassium and sodium channels
- 13 Voltage-clamp studies in axons: Macroscopic and single-channel currents
- 14 Modulation of axonal excitability by neurotransmitter receptors
- 15 Ion pumps and exchangers
- 16 Mechanisms of accommodation and adaptation in myelinated axons
- 17 Electrophysiological approaches to the study of axons
- 18 Action potential conduction recorded optically in normal, demyelinated, and remyelinating axons
- 19 Reaction of the neuronal cell body to axonal damage
- 20 Axonal degeneration and disorders of the axonal cytoskeleton
- 21 Pathology of demyelinated and dysmyelinated axons
- 22 Pathology of the myelin sheath
- 23 Pathophysiology of demyelinated axons
- 24 Anoxic/ischemic injury in axons
- 25 Traumatic injury of spinal axons
- 26 Diffuse axonal injury
- 27 Abnormal excitability in injured axons
- 28 Regeneration of peripheral nervous system axons
- 29 Role of cellular interactions in axonal growth and regeneration
- 30 Clinical electrophysiology of peripheral nervous system axons
- 31 Clinical assessment of central nervous system axons: Evoked potentials
- 32 Human peripheral nerve disease (peripheral neuropathies)
- 33 Overview of clinical aspects of multiple sclerosis, including cognitive deficit
- 34 Clinical aspects of traumatic injury to central nervous system axons
- Index
