- Title Pages
- Dedication
- Preface
- Contributors
- 1 Electrical activity of nerve: The background up to 1952
- 2 Morphology of normal peripheral axons
- 3 Morphology of central nervous system axons
- 4 Physiology of axons
- 5 The Schwann cell: Morphology and development
- 6 The oligodendrocyte, the perinodal astrocyte, and the central node of Ranvier
- 7 Molecular biology of myelination
- 8 Mechanisms of adhesion between axons and glial cells
- 9 Axonal transport: Function and mechanisms
- 10 Development of axons: Calcium, steering, and the growth cone
- 11 Voltage-gated ion channels in axons: Localization, function, and development
- 12 Molecular biology of voltage-dependent potassium and sodium channels
- 13 Voltage-clamp studies in axons: Macroscopic and single-channel currents
- 14 Modulation of axonal excitability by neurotransmitter receptors
- 15 Ion pumps and exchangers
- 16 Mechanisms of accommodation and adaptation in myelinated axons
- 17 Electrophysiological approaches to the study of axons
- 18 Action potential conduction recorded optically in normal, demyelinated, and remyelinating axons
- 19 Reaction of the neuronal cell body to axonal damage
- 20 Axonal degeneration and disorders of the axonal cytoskeleton
- 21 Pathology of demyelinated and dysmyelinated axons
- 22 Pathology of the myelin sheath
- 23 Pathophysiology of demyelinated axons
- 24 Anoxic/ischemic injury in axons
- 25 Traumatic injury of spinal axons
- 26 Diffuse axonal injury
- 27 Abnormal excitability in injured axons
- 28 Regeneration of peripheral nervous system axons
- 29 Role of cellular interactions in axonal growth and regeneration
- 30 Clinical electrophysiology of peripheral nervous system axons
- 31 Clinical assessment of central nervous system axons: Evoked potentials
- 32 Human peripheral nerve disease (peripheral neuropathies)
- 33 Overview of clinical aspects of multiple sclerosis, including cognitive deficit
- 34 Clinical aspects of traumatic injury to central nervous system axons
- Index
Pathophysiology of demyelinated axons
Pathophysiology of demyelinated axons
- Chapter:
- (p.438) 23 Pathophysiology of demyelinated axons
- Source:
- The Axon
- Author(s):
STEPHEN G. WAXMAN
JEFFERY D. KOCSIS
JOEL A. BLACK
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
This chapter discusses the pathophysiology of demyelinated axons. It reviews available data concerning cellular and molecular substrates for abnormal conduction and mechanisms underlying recovery of conduction after demyelination. It shows that multiple mechanisms contribute to disturbed conduction, and to the restoration of function in demyelinated axons. Passive and active mechanisms interact to shape the conduction properties of demyelinated axons.
Keywords: demyelination, membrane organization, myelinated axons, remyelination, conduction
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- Title Pages
- Dedication
- Preface
- Contributors
- 1 Electrical activity of nerve: The background up to 1952
- 2 Morphology of normal peripheral axons
- 3 Morphology of central nervous system axons
- 4 Physiology of axons
- 5 The Schwann cell: Morphology and development
- 6 The oligodendrocyte, the perinodal astrocyte, and the central node of Ranvier
- 7 Molecular biology of myelination
- 8 Mechanisms of adhesion between axons and glial cells
- 9 Axonal transport: Function and mechanisms
- 10 Development of axons: Calcium, steering, and the growth cone
- 11 Voltage-gated ion channels in axons: Localization, function, and development
- 12 Molecular biology of voltage-dependent potassium and sodium channels
- 13 Voltage-clamp studies in axons: Macroscopic and single-channel currents
- 14 Modulation of axonal excitability by neurotransmitter receptors
- 15 Ion pumps and exchangers
- 16 Mechanisms of accommodation and adaptation in myelinated axons
- 17 Electrophysiological approaches to the study of axons
- 18 Action potential conduction recorded optically in normal, demyelinated, and remyelinating axons
- 19 Reaction of the neuronal cell body to axonal damage
- 20 Axonal degeneration and disorders of the axonal cytoskeleton
- 21 Pathology of demyelinated and dysmyelinated axons
- 22 Pathology of the myelin sheath
- 23 Pathophysiology of demyelinated axons
- 24 Anoxic/ischemic injury in axons
- 25 Traumatic injury of spinal axons
- 26 Diffuse axonal injury
- 27 Abnormal excitability in injured axons
- 28 Regeneration of peripheral nervous system axons
- 29 Role of cellular interactions in axonal growth and regeneration
- 30 Clinical electrophysiology of peripheral nervous system axons
- 31 Clinical assessment of central nervous system axons: Evoked potentials
- 32 Human peripheral nerve disease (peripheral neuropathies)
- 33 Overview of clinical aspects of multiple sclerosis, including cognitive deficit
- 34 Clinical aspects of traumatic injury to central nervous system axons
- Index
