War, Ottoman Officials, and Western Institutions
War, Ottoman Officials, and Western Institutions
This chapter traces the effects on the Ottoman social structure of its continuous state of war during the 18th and 19th centuries. The process through which the households of the officials established initially to assist the sultan in governance ended up challenging him instead. The Ottoman sultan then adopted Western-style educational institutions to train a new corps of officials loyal to him. The foundation of the state schools in the empire demonstrates the pattern by which the sultan attempted to develop a new official corps but instead produced the origins of the Ottoman bureaucratic bourgeoisie. As trained future officials, they allied with each other and developed a social vision of the empire based on a constitutional system of rule and formed secret organizations against the sultan to achieve his vision.
Keywords: Ottoman wars, households, educational institutions, loyalty, state schools, bureaucratic bourgeoisie, social vision, constitutional system, secret organization
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