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Psychiatric Epidemiology – Searching for the Causes of Mental Disorders - Oxford Scholarship Online
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Psychiatric Epidemiology: Searching for the Causes of Mental Disorders

Ezra Susser, Sharon Schwartz, Alfredo Morabia, and Evelyn Bromet

Abstract

Searching for the causes of mental disorders is as exciting as it is complex. The relationship between pathophysiology and its overt manifestations is exceedingly intricate, and often the causes of a disorder are elusive at best. This book provides a resource for anyone trying to track these causes. Uniting theory and practice and rather than attempting to review the descriptive epidemiology of mental disorders, this book gives a dynamic exposition of the thinking and techniques used to establish it. The book starts out by tracing the brief history of psychiatric epidemiology, then describes t ... More

Keywords: mental disorders, pathophysiology, overt manifestations, risk factors, statistical analysis, casual relationships

Bibliographic Information

Print publication date: 2006 Print ISBN-13: 9780195101812
Published to Oxford Scholarship Online: September 2009 DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195101812.001.0001

Authors

Affiliations are at time of print publication.

Ezra Susser, author
Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health
Author Webpage

Sharon Schwartz, author
Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health

Alfredo Morabia, author
Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospitals of Geneva, and Professor of Clinical Eipdemiology at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health

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Contents

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Front Matter

Title Pages

Dedication

Foreword

Preface

References

Acknowledgments

Contributors

I PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY, THEN AND NOW

1 The Burden of Mental Illness

Evelyn J. Bromet and Ezra Susser

2 The Arc of Epidemiology

Ezra Susser and Alfredo Morabia

3 Searching for the Causes of Mental Disorders

Ezra Susser, Sharon Schwartz, Alfredo Morabia, and Evelyn J. Bromet

II RISK FACTORS AS CAUSES OF MENTAL DISORDERS

4 What Is a Cause?

Sharon Schwartz and Ezra Susser

5 Detecting Causes

Sharon Schwartz and Ezra Susser

6 Study Designs

Sharon Schwartz and Ezra Susser

7 Relationships among Causes

Sharon Schwartz and Ezra Susser

8 Measures of Association

Ezra Susser and Sharon Schwartz

III COHORT DESIGNS IN PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY

9 Prototypical Cohort Study

Ezra Susser and Sharon Schwartz

10 Diversity of Cohort Studies

Ezra Susser and Sharon Schwartz

11 Causal Inference: A Thought Experiment

Ezra Susser and Sharon Schwartz

12 Confounding: What It Is and What Can Be Done

Ezra Susser and Sharon Schwartz

13 Unequal Attrition under Different Types of Follow-Up

Ezra Susser and Sharon Schwartz

14 Differential Misclassification

Ezra Susser and Sharon Schwartz

IV CASE-CONTROL DESIGNS IN PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY

15 Logic of the Case-Control Design

Alfredo Morabia, Sharon Schwartz, and Ezra Susser

16 Applications of the Case-Control Study

Evelyn J. Bromet, Alfredo Morabia, Nancy Sohler and Ezra Susser

17 Choosing Controls

Sharon Schwartz, Alfredo Morabia, and Ezra Susser

18 Comparability and the Case-Control Study

Alfredo Morabia, Sharon Schwartz, and Ezra Susser

V CASE-CONTROL DESIGNS IN BIOLOGIC PSYCHIATRY

19 Biologic Studies in Psychiatry

Jack M. Gorman and Ezra Susser

20 Choosing Cases in Biologic Psychiatry

Evelyn J. Bromet, Ezra Susser, Gary A. Heiman, and Jack M. Gorman

21 Choosing Controls in Biologic Psychiatry

Sharon Schwartz, Ezra Susser, and Jack M. Gorman

VI ANALYZING THE DATA

22 Gauging the Precision of Measures of Association

Melissa D. Begg and Michaeline Bresnahan

23 Using Significance Tests in Establishing Associations

Melissa D. Begg and Michaeline Bresnahan

24 Planning Studies: Estimating Power and Sample Size

Melissa D. Begg and Michaeline Bresnahan

25 Adjustment for Covariates

Melissa D. Begg and Michaeline Bresnahan

26 Event Time Analysis

Melissa D. Begg and Michaeline Bresnahan

27 Assessing Heterogeneity of Effects

Alfredo Morabia and Michaeline Bresnahan

VII THE SEARCH FOR GENETIC CAUSES OF MENTAL DISORDERS

28 Integrating Epidemiology with Genetics

Mary-Claire King, Habibul Ahsan, and Ezra Susser

29 Genetic Association Studies

Habibul Ahsan, Gary A. Heiman, and Ezra Susser

30 Modern Family History Studies

Regina Zimmerman, Habibul Ahsan, and Ezra Susser

31 Twin Studies of Heritability

Sharon Schwartz and Ezra Susser

32 Genetic Linkage Studies

Susan E. Hodge, Habibul Ahsan, Gary A. Heiman, and Ezra Susser

33 Designs for the Genomic Era

Mary-Claire King, Habibul Ahsan, and Ezra Susser

VIII COMPLEX CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS

34 Eco-Epidemiology

Ezra Susser, Sharon Schwartz, and Alfredo Morabia

35 Causal Explanation within a Risk Factor Framework

Sharon Schwartz and Ezra Susser

36 Causal Explanation Outside the Black Box

Sharon Schwartz, Ana V. Diez Roux, and Ezra Susser

37 Dependent and Dynamic Processes

Sharon Schwartz, Ana V. Diez Roux, and Ezra Susser

End Matter

Appendix A Our Approach to Epidemiologic Concepts and Methods

References

References

Appendix B Application of Survival Analysis to Prenatal Determinants of Schizophrenia Example (PDSE) Data

References

Glossary

Index