The Arrival of Pestis
The Arrival of Pestis
Cases of grave illness began to appear in December 1899 among members of Honolulu's sharply divided Chinese community. Traditional Chinese healers denied the existence of bubonic plague and concealed deaths, while pro-Western Chinese physicians, led by Li Khai Fai and Kong Tai Heong, urged disclosure and cooperation with the Board of Health. An autopsy by Board physicians confirmed the presence of bubonic plague on December 12, and a state of emergency was declared the next day.
Keywords: Chinese community, Chinese physicians, Li Khai Fai, Kong Tai Heong, Board of Health, bubonic plague
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