- Title Pages
- Foreword
- A Preface to Three Prefaces
- Book One Artifact In Behavioral Research
- Book Two Experimenter Effects in Behavioral Research
- The Nature Of Experimenter Effects
- 1 The Experimenter as Observer
- 2 Interpretation of Data
- 3 Intentional Error
- 4 Biosocial Attributes
- 5 Psychosocial Attributes
- 6 Situational Factors
- 7 Experimenter Modeling
- 8 Experimenter Expectancy
- Part II Studies Of Experimenter Expectancy Effects
- 9 Human Subjects
- 10 Animal Subjects
- 11 Subject Set
- 12 Early Data Returns
- 13 Excessive Rewards
- 14 Structural Variables
- 15 Behavioral Variables
- 16 Communication of Experimenter Expectancy
- Part III Methodological Implications
- 17 The Generality and Assessment of Experimenter Effects
- 18 Replications and Their Assessment
- 19 Experimenter Sampling
- 20 Experimenter Behavior
- 21 Personnel Considerations
- 22 Blind and Minimized Contact
- 23 Expectancy Control Groups
- 24 Conclusion
- Interpersonal Expectancy Effects: A Follow-up
- Book Three The Volunteer Subject
- Author Index
- Subject Index
Experimenter Sampling
Experimenter Sampling
- Chapter:
- (p.561) 19 Experimenter Sampling
- Source:
- Artifacts in Behavioral Research
- Author(s):
Robert Rosenthal
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Much of this book has been devoted to showing that an experimenter's expectancy may be an unintended determinant of the results of his research. This chapter addresses the question of what can be done to control the effects of the experimenter's expectancy. A number of strategies are proposed. Some of these strategies are recognized as direct attempts to minimize expectancy effects. Somewhat paradoxically, some of these strategies are recognized as attempts to maximize these effects. The chapter discusses strategies that seek neither to minimize nor to maximize but rather to randomize and “calibrate” experimenter expectancies.
Keywords: experimenter effects, experimenter expectancy, expectancy effects, strategies
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- Title Pages
- Foreword
- A Preface to Three Prefaces
- Book One Artifact In Behavioral Research
- Book Two Experimenter Effects in Behavioral Research
- The Nature Of Experimenter Effects
- 1 The Experimenter as Observer
- 2 Interpretation of Data
- 3 Intentional Error
- 4 Biosocial Attributes
- 5 Psychosocial Attributes
- 6 Situational Factors
- 7 Experimenter Modeling
- 8 Experimenter Expectancy
- Part II Studies Of Experimenter Expectancy Effects
- 9 Human Subjects
- 10 Animal Subjects
- 11 Subject Set
- 12 Early Data Returns
- 13 Excessive Rewards
- 14 Structural Variables
- 15 Behavioral Variables
- 16 Communication of Experimenter Expectancy
- Part III Methodological Implications
- 17 The Generality and Assessment of Experimenter Effects
- 18 Replications and Their Assessment
- 19 Experimenter Sampling
- 20 Experimenter Behavior
- 21 Personnel Considerations
- 22 Blind and Minimized Contact
- 23 Expectancy Control Groups
- 24 Conclusion
- Interpersonal Expectancy Effects: A Follow-up
- Book Three The Volunteer Subject
- Author Index
- Subject Index
