Children’s Sleep in the Context of Socioeconomic Status, Race, and Ethnicity
Children’s Sleep in the Context of Socioeconomic Status, Race, and Ethnicity
This chapter reviews literature pertaining to clinical sleep disorders and nonclinical aspects of sleep patterns among children and adolescents in relation to socioeconomic status (SES) and race/ethnicity. Sleep duration, quality, and/or scheduling are compared in individuals of various SES and ethnic/racial backgrounds. First, initial epidemiologic studies assessing sleep parameters among members of these groups are reviewed. Following this initial summary, more recent studies are summarized, and these investigations are separated into those conducted with participants in three age groups: young children (ages two through eight years), preadolescents (ages eight to thirteen years), and adolescents. Then, the literature comparing individuals of various SES levels and racial/ethnic backgrounds on symptoms and diagnoses of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) are considered. SDB is discussed because of the significant daytime consequences associated with this illness and because of recent studies showing disparities in SDB associated with SES and race/ethnicity. Finally, conclusions, limitations, and future directions will be highlighted.
Keywords: sleep disorders, sleep patterns, socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, sleep disordered breathing
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