Strengthening Urban Services
Strengthening Urban Services
The Way Forward
This chapter summarizes the different findings the four case studies on Bangalore, Ahmedabad, Jaipur, and Kolkata, discussed in previous chapters. The discussion begins with a summary of the findings on finance, and then moves on to a summary of the findings on expenditure, public service delivery, and the relationship between the two. Based on the findings presented in this chapter, this study implies that the local government units in India have been benefiting from land sales and leasing in order to fund their infrastructure needs. However, the study is able to determine that their expenditures fall below the nationally accepted norms, thus providing a lower standard of these public services. This chapter concludes that spending and municipal revenues are at the core of the problem.
Keywords: Ahmedabad, Jaipur, Kolkata, Bangalore, public services, municipal revenues, urban land, Urban Local Body, Urban Development Authority
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