- Title Pages
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Contributors
- Abbreviations
- 1 The cytoskeleton of the squid giant axon
- 2 The nervous system of <i>Loligo pealei</i> provides multiple models for analysis of organelle motility
- 3 Cyclic nucleotide homeostasis and axonal G proteins in the squid <i>Loligo forbesi</i>
- 4 The detection and properties of electrogenic Na<sup>+</sup>–K<sup>+</sup> transport in the squid axon membrane
- 5 Resting And Active K<sup>+</sup> Channels In The Squid Axon Membrane
- 6 Studies of the kinetics of the ionic and gating currents in the axons of <i>Loligo forbesi</i> as a guide to modelling of the sodium channel
- 7 An improved voltage clamp for gating current recording from the squid giant axon
- 8 Voltage Dependence of Sodium Channel Inactivation In The Squid Giant Axon
- 9 Tetrodotoxin affects sodium gating current in squid giant axon
- 10 Single-channel properties and gating of Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> channels in the squid giant axon
- 11 The effects of internal Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup> on ion channels in the squid giant axon
- 12 Anaesthetics, Convulsants, And The Squid Axon Membrane
- 13 Control of the spatial distribution of sodium channels in the squid giant axon and its cell bodies
- 14 Electrophysiology of squid Schwann cells
- 15 The pharmacology of receptors present on squid giant axon Schwann cells
- 16 Periaxonal ion regulation in the squid
- 17 Synaptic transmission in the squid stellate ganglion
- 18 Multiple calcium signalling pathways in squid giant presynaptic terminals
- 19 Chemical transmission at the squid giant synapse
- 20 The structure and physiology of cephalopod muscle fibres
- 21 Organization of cephalopod chromatophore systems: a neuromuscular image-generator
- 22 Neurotransmitters of squid chromatophores
- 23 Diffusion properties of the microenvironment of cephalopod brain
- 24 Cephalopod brains: promising preparations for brain physiology
- 25 Intracellular recordings from the chromatophore lobes of <i>Octopus</i>
- 26 Multiple matrices in the memory system of <i>Octopus</i>
- 27 A novel occluding junction forms the blood–brain barrier in cephalopod molluscs
- 28 Cerebrovascular organization and dynamics in cephalopods
- 29 Squid rhodopsin
- 30 The firefly squid, <i>Watasenia scintillans</i>, has three visual pigments
- 31 The statocysts of cephalopods
- 32 Physiology of squid olfaction
- Index
Single-channel properties and gating of Na+ and K+ channels in the squid giant axon
Single-channel properties and gating of Na+ and K+ channels in the squid giant axon
- Chapter:
- 10 Single-channel properties and gating of Na+ and K+ channels in the squid giant axon
- Source:
- Cephalopod Neurobiology
- Author(s):
Francisco Bezanilla
Ana M. Correa
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
This chapter describes patch clamp recordings made from the inner membrane surface of the cut-open squid giant axon, allowing examination of macroscopic ionic currents, gating currents, and single channel fluctuations. The cut-open axon method that allows the access of patch pipettes from the interior of the axon is described. The high density of channels on the squid axon surface makes it ideal for recording gating currents with a large signal-to-noise ratio, and these measurements have provided insights into the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the opening and closing of the ionic channels. To constrain the number of possible models of the gating process it is necessary to gather information on macroscopic ionic and gating currents, and measurements of single-channel fluctuations. In addition, these three types of measurement must be done in the same biological preparation, because the characteristics of ionic channels differ in different species and tissues. The chapter also talks about the properties of the Na+ channel in the squid giant axon, as seen with single-channel recording. These recordings provide direct information on the events occurring close to the open state(s); therefore this type of experiment, combined with the results on macroscopic currents and gating currents, should constrain the models of channel gating. With the cut-open axon technique it is possible to measure not only aspects of the opening and closing of single channels, but also gating currents and macroscopic currents in patches with high channel density. The characteristics of potassium channels of the squid axon are also briefly summarized at the end.
Keywords: single channel, ionic currents, gating currents, fluctuations, macroscopic currents, potassium channels
Oxford Scholarship Online requires a subscription or purchase to access the full text of books within the service. Public users can however freely search the site and view the abstracts and keywords for each book and chapter.
Please, subscribe or login to access full text content.
If you think you should have access to this title, please contact your librarian.
To troubleshoot, please check our FAQs , and if you can't find the answer there, please contact us .
- Title Pages
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Contributors
- Abbreviations
- 1 The cytoskeleton of the squid giant axon
- 2 The nervous system of <i>Loligo pealei</i> provides multiple models for analysis of organelle motility
- 3 Cyclic nucleotide homeostasis and axonal G proteins in the squid <i>Loligo forbesi</i>
- 4 The detection and properties of electrogenic Na<sup>+</sup>–K<sup>+</sup> transport in the squid axon membrane
- 5 Resting And Active K<sup>+</sup> Channels In The Squid Axon Membrane
- 6 Studies of the kinetics of the ionic and gating currents in the axons of <i>Loligo forbesi</i> as a guide to modelling of the sodium channel
- 7 An improved voltage clamp for gating current recording from the squid giant axon
- 8 Voltage Dependence of Sodium Channel Inactivation In The Squid Giant Axon
- 9 Tetrodotoxin affects sodium gating current in squid giant axon
- 10 Single-channel properties and gating of Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> channels in the squid giant axon
- 11 The effects of internal Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup> on ion channels in the squid giant axon
- 12 Anaesthetics, Convulsants, And The Squid Axon Membrane
- 13 Control of the spatial distribution of sodium channels in the squid giant axon and its cell bodies
- 14 Electrophysiology of squid Schwann cells
- 15 The pharmacology of receptors present on squid giant axon Schwann cells
- 16 Periaxonal ion regulation in the squid
- 17 Synaptic transmission in the squid stellate ganglion
- 18 Multiple calcium signalling pathways in squid giant presynaptic terminals
- 19 Chemical transmission at the squid giant synapse
- 20 The structure and physiology of cephalopod muscle fibres
- 21 Organization of cephalopod chromatophore systems: a neuromuscular image-generator
- 22 Neurotransmitters of squid chromatophores
- 23 Diffusion properties of the microenvironment of cephalopod brain
- 24 Cephalopod brains: promising preparations for brain physiology
- 25 Intracellular recordings from the chromatophore lobes of <i>Octopus</i>
- 26 Multiple matrices in the memory system of <i>Octopus</i>
- 27 A novel occluding junction forms the blood–brain barrier in cephalopod molluscs
- 28 Cerebrovascular organization and dynamics in cephalopods
- 29 Squid rhodopsin
- 30 The firefly squid, <i>Watasenia scintillans</i>, has three visual pigments
- 31 The statocysts of cephalopods
- 32 Physiology of squid olfaction
- Index