- Title Pages
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Contributors
- Abbreviations
- 1 The cytoskeleton of the squid giant axon
- 2 The nervous system of <i>Loligo pealei</i> provides multiple models for analysis of organelle motility
- 3 Cyclic nucleotide homeostasis and axonal G proteins in the squid <i>Loligo forbesi</i>
- 4 The detection and properties of electrogenic Na<sup>+</sup>–K<sup>+</sup> transport in the squid axon membrane
- 5 Resting And Active K<sup>+</sup> Channels In The Squid Axon Membrane
- 6 Studies of the kinetics of the ionic and gating currents in the axons of <i>Loligo forbesi</i> as a guide to modelling of the sodium channel
- 7 An improved voltage clamp for gating current recording from the squid giant axon
- 8 Voltage Dependence of Sodium Channel Inactivation In The Squid Giant Axon
- 9 Tetrodotoxin affects sodium gating current in squid giant axon
- 10 Single-channel properties and gating of Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> channels in the squid giant axon
- 11 The effects of internal Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup> on ion channels in the squid giant axon
- 12 Anaesthetics, Convulsants, And The Squid Axon Membrane
- 13 Control of the spatial distribution of sodium channels in the squid giant axon and its cell bodies
- 14 Electrophysiology of squid Schwann cells
- 15 The pharmacology of receptors present on squid giant axon Schwann cells
- 16 Periaxonal ion regulation in the squid
- 17 Synaptic transmission in the squid stellate ganglion
- 18 Multiple calcium signalling pathways in squid giant presynaptic terminals
- 19 Chemical transmission at the squid giant synapse
- 20 The structure and physiology of cephalopod muscle fibres
- 21 Organization of cephalopod chromatophore systems: a neuromuscular image-generator
- 22 Neurotransmitters of squid chromatophores
- 23 Diffusion properties of the microenvironment of cephalopod brain
- 24 Cephalopod brains: promising preparations for brain physiology
- 25 Intracellular recordings from the chromatophore lobes of <i>Octopus</i>
- 26 Multiple matrices in the memory system of <i>Octopus</i>
- 27 A novel occluding junction forms the blood–brain barrier in cephalopod molluscs
- 28 Cerebrovascular organization and dynamics in cephalopods
- 29 Squid rhodopsin
- 30 The firefly squid, <i>Watasenia scintillans</i>, has three visual pigments
- 31 The statocysts of cephalopods
- 32 Physiology of squid olfaction
- Index
Studies of the kinetics of the ionic and gating currents in the axons of Loligo forbesi as a guide to modelling of the sodium channel
Studies of the kinetics of the ionic and gating currents in the axons of Loligo forbesi as a guide to modelling of the sodium channel
- Chapter:
- 6 Studies of the kinetics of the ionic and gating currents in the axons of Loligo forbesi as a guide to modelling of the sodium channel
- Source:
- Cephalopod Neurobiology
- Author(s):
Richard D. Keynes
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
This chapter summarizes the coming together of a new model of the voltage-gated sodium channel that successfully reconciles almost all the data obtained in recent years from a variety of experimental approaches. This was achieved by exploiting to the full the superlative temporal resolution that can be achieved in recording the ionic and gating currents in the squid giant axon, and by relating the results to Numa's structural evidence that each channel is controlled by four voltage-sensors arranged in parallel. The study of gating currents generated by charge movements accompanying molecular conformational changes in voltage-dependent ion channel proteins provides important information for understanding the structure function relationships of these channels. The ultimate test of any model of the sodium channel must be to insert parameters based strictly on measurements of the gating current, and to demonstrate that this yields correct predictions of the macroscopic ionic current, that is to say for the behaviour of the two open states. The preliminary exercise of this kind was reported by Keynes (1991) and on a simplified computer program, which allowed for an inadequate number of states and left out of account the possible effect of co-operativity in the activation of the system (Keynes 1990). It therefore provided no more than a qualitative indication that the approach described in this chapter is on sound lines. A properly rigorous examination of the model is yet to be conducted.
Keywords: voltage gated, sodium channel, ionic currents, gating currents, macroscopic ionic current, squid giant axon
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- Title Pages
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Contributors
- Abbreviations
- 1 The cytoskeleton of the squid giant axon
- 2 The nervous system of <i>Loligo pealei</i> provides multiple models for analysis of organelle motility
- 3 Cyclic nucleotide homeostasis and axonal G proteins in the squid <i>Loligo forbesi</i>
- 4 The detection and properties of electrogenic Na<sup>+</sup>–K<sup>+</sup> transport in the squid axon membrane
- 5 Resting And Active K<sup>+</sup> Channels In The Squid Axon Membrane
- 6 Studies of the kinetics of the ionic and gating currents in the axons of <i>Loligo forbesi</i> as a guide to modelling of the sodium channel
- 7 An improved voltage clamp for gating current recording from the squid giant axon
- 8 Voltage Dependence of Sodium Channel Inactivation In The Squid Giant Axon
- 9 Tetrodotoxin affects sodium gating current in squid giant axon
- 10 Single-channel properties and gating of Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> channels in the squid giant axon
- 11 The effects of internal Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup> on ion channels in the squid giant axon
- 12 Anaesthetics, Convulsants, And The Squid Axon Membrane
- 13 Control of the spatial distribution of sodium channels in the squid giant axon and its cell bodies
- 14 Electrophysiology of squid Schwann cells
- 15 The pharmacology of receptors present on squid giant axon Schwann cells
- 16 Periaxonal ion regulation in the squid
- 17 Synaptic transmission in the squid stellate ganglion
- 18 Multiple calcium signalling pathways in squid giant presynaptic terminals
- 19 Chemical transmission at the squid giant synapse
- 20 The structure and physiology of cephalopod muscle fibres
- 21 Organization of cephalopod chromatophore systems: a neuromuscular image-generator
- 22 Neurotransmitters of squid chromatophores
- 23 Diffusion properties of the microenvironment of cephalopod brain
- 24 Cephalopod brains: promising preparations for brain physiology
- 25 Intracellular recordings from the chromatophore lobes of <i>Octopus</i>
- 26 Multiple matrices in the memory system of <i>Octopus</i>
- 27 A novel occluding junction forms the blood–brain barrier in cephalopod molluscs
- 28 Cerebrovascular organization and dynamics in cephalopods
- 29 Squid rhodopsin
- 30 The firefly squid, <i>Watasenia scintillans</i>, has three visual pigments
- 31 The statocysts of cephalopods
- 32 Physiology of squid olfaction
- Index
