Nonlinear and Ultrahigh Resolution Laser Spectroscopy
Nonlinear and Ultrahigh Resolution Laser Spectroscopy
This chapter describes the principles of major nonlinear and ultrahigh resolution laser spectroscopic techniques, including saturation spectroscopy, two-photon spectroscopy, coherent Raman spectroscopy, nonlinear polarization spectroscopy, and laser cooling and trapping spectroscopy. All these spectral techniques are based on the use of one or several laser beams (at least one of which is tunable), and there is no need for any ordinary spectrometers or dispersion elements (such as prisms, gratings, or Fabry–Perot etalon). The most remarkable advantages of these novel spectroscopic techniques are their Doppler-free capability and ultrahigh spectral resolution, which enable researchers to measure hyperfine structures, isotope shifts, Stark and Zeeman splitting, and to establish new optical frequency standards (atomic clocks) as well.
Keywords: Saturation spectroscopy, two-photon spectroscopy, coherent Raman spectroscopy, laser cooling and trapping spectroscopy, Doppler-free capability, nonlinear polarization spectroscopy, ultrahigh spectral resolution, optical frequency standard, hyperfine structure, isotope shift
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