Comparing Groups: Analysis of Variance
Comparing Groups: Analysis of Variance
Analysis of variance is introduced using a worked analysis of some data collected by Charles Darwin on inbreeding depression in experimental maize plants. ANOVA is used to compare the height of a group of cross-pollinated plants with a group of self-fertilized seedlings. The least squares process is explained including the calculation of sums of squares and variances and the calculation of F-ratios. The organization of the results of a linear model into an ANOVA table is explained. The R code necessary to perform the analysis is worked through and explained in terms of the underlying statistical concepts and the interpretation of the R output demonstrated.
Keywords: analysis of variance, least squares, linear model, ANOVA table, F-ratios, sums of squares, variance
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