The Electronic Structure of Atoms
The Electronic Structure of Atoms
This chapter starts off with an in-depth discussion on the angular and radial functions of the hydrogenic orbitals. Then the ground 1s 2 and the excited 1s 12s 1 configurations of the helium atom are employed to illustrate the determinantal wavefunction and the Pauli Exclusion Principle. Some simple trial wavefunctions for helium are introduced, with emphasis on the physical meaning of the adjustable parameters. For the many-electron atoms, the L-S and j-j coupling schemes are used to derive the spectroscopic terms arising from a given atomic configuration. Examples are then given to illustrate the correlation between the terms derived by these two schemes. The chapter concludes with a section on atomic properties, including ionization energy and electron affinity, electronegativity, relativistic effect on the properties of elements.
Keywords: atomic orbitals, electron correlation, electronegativity, electronic configuration, Hund's rule, ionization energy, j-j coupling, Pauli Exclusion Principle, relativistic effect, Russell-Saunders coupling
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