Warsaw was not prepared to concede to Rome on the question of an autocephalous or autonomous Orthodox hierarchy. This was seen as essential to cutting off Russian influence and preventing rebellion among the Orthodox Ruthenian peasantry. However it was only following further papal approval of the Polish Revolution in May 1792 that the sejm agreed a comprehensive reform of the Orthodox Church within the Commonwealth. At the same time it shelved the question of a fundamental reform of the Catholic clergy of both rites. Hugo Kołłątaj and his circle pressed both reforms, but for the sejm, the Russian invasion of 14 May made the one an urgent geopolitical necessity and the other dispensable. The chapter analyses the proposed reforms to the Catholic clergy, and concludes with a coda that brings together the Commonwealth's ecclesiastical policies in its most confessionally volatile corner — the Ukraine.