Conclusion
Conclusion
The first section of the conclusion traces the subsequent fate of the book's principal dramatis personae through counter‐revolution, insurrection, and foreign rule. The middle section summarizes the confessional policy of the Four Years’ Sejm, then reviews changes in discourse and political culture, including both ‘Catholic’ and ‘enlightened’ paradigms, before attempting a comparative explanation of different outcomes for the Catholic Church in the Commonwealth, the Habsburg Monarchy, and Revolutionary France. While the discursive position of the regular clergy in Poland‐Lithuania was weak, no high‐political intrigue triggered the kind of reform inflicted on the Commonwealth's bishops. Having contrasted the fates of throne, nobility, and altar in the Polish‐Lithuanian lands, the final part of the conclusion signifies some longer‐term legacies of the Polish Revolution for the relationships between the Catholic Church and the Polish nation.
Keywords: Polish Revolution, confederacy of Targowica, Kościuszko Insurrection, Deconfessionalization, Enlightenment, political discourse, Joseph II, French Revolution, Catholic Church, Polish nation
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