Actors and Institutions in Environmental Governance
Actors and Institutions in Environmental Governance
Policy-making is an institutional process as well as an intellectual activity. In the previous chapter, the intellectual component of policy-making was examined by looking at some of the principles that have been adumbrated by the European Union in the choice of policy. But since principles do not exist in thin air, they have to be employed by institutions in the task of formulating policy and devising solutions to environmental problems. Governance, then, involves institutions and institutional actors, thus, before choices can be made and strategies formulated, institutions have to be established and responsibilities defined. Within the European Union itself, where task expansion and issue redefinition is intrinsic to political integration, this interaction of policy and institutional development is even more marked, and this is further explored in this chapter.
Keywords: policy-making, European Union, environmental problems, strategies, institutions, political integration
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