Standing for Something
Standing for Something
This chapter evaluates the integrated-self, identity, and clean hands pictures of integrity, suggested by the work of Harry Frankfurt and Bernard Williams, among others. The chapter argues that all three pictures reduce integrity to something else with which it is not equivalent—to the conditions for unified agency, or for continuing as the same self, or for having reason to refuse cooperating with evil. The analysis of why integrity is a virtue is also limited by the assumption that integrity is solely a personal virtue. This chapter argues that integrity is the social virtue of standing before others for what, in one’s best judgment, is worth doing.
Keywords: integrity, Harry Frankfurt, Bernard Williams, virtue, identity, clean hands, integrated-self, social virtue
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