Giangaleazzo's Investiture and its Legacy
Giangaleazzo's Investiture and its Legacy
Chapter Three describes the Milanese dukes' desire for imperial recognition of their right to absolute powers, beginning with Giangaleazzo Visconti, created duke in 1395. Plenitude of power itself came with the investiture of 1396. Giangaleazzo's successor, Giovanni Maria (1402–12) was denied imperial recognition; Filippo Maria Visconti (1412–47) had to wait until 1426. The Ambrosian Republic of 1447–1450 was similarly based on the investitures of 1395 and 1396. Faced with Emperor Frederick III's determination not to recognize his claims, Francesco (1450–66), Galeazzo Maria (1466–76) and Giangaleazzo Sforza (1476–94) established their right to rule on the basis of popular election, meantime pleading with Emperor Frederick III for an investiture that would include plenitude of power and imperial prerogatives (iura reservata). The chapter concludes with an exploration of the investiture granted to Ludovico il Moro (1494–1500) by Maximilian I in 1494.
Keywords: Giangaleazzo Visconti, Giovanni Maria Visconti, Filippo Maria Visconti, Ambrosian Republic, Francesco Sforza, Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Giangaleazzo Sforza, Ludovico il Moro, Emperor Frederick III, Emperor Maximilian I
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