The Public–Private Pension Mix and Old Age Income Inequality in Europe
The Public–Private Pension Mix and Old Age Income Inequality in Europe
This comparative chapter by Ebbinghaus and Neugschwender discusses the institutional differences in the public–private mix, distinguishing mature from emerging multipillar systems and hybrid from dominantly public pension systems. It focuses on exploring the interaction between income inequalities in working life and pension system features for old age income. In particular, it considers the first tier of minimum income support, the public and private second-tier earnings-related pensions, and the particularities of private pensions. The empirical analysis compares poverty rates over time and across countries, discussing the impact of public pensions. The further analysis reveals variations in the recipient rate and income share of private supplementary pensions among the elderly. The importance of mandatory or negotiated occupational pensions in order to reduce inequality in multipillar pension systems is evident in addition to the role of public minimum income protection for poverty reduction.
Keywords: Europe, multipillar pension systems, public–private mix, basic pensions, private pensions, income inequality, poverty, defined-benefit pensions, defined-contribution pensions
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