- Title Pages
- Acknowledgements
- Table of Cases
- Table of Treaties, Legislation, and Other International Instruments
- Table of Reports and Other Documents
- List of Abbreviations
- List of Contributors
- Introduction
- 1 Policy Prospects for Regulating Private Military and Security Companies
- 2 The Use of Private Contractors in the Fight against Piracy: Policy Options
- 3 The Role of Human Rights in the Regulation of Private Military and Security Companies
- 4 The Impact of the EU Human Rights System on Operations of Private Military and Security Companies
- 5 The Role of the Home State in Ensuring Compliance with Human Rights by Private Military Contractors
- 6 Positive Human Rights Obligations of the Hiring State in Connection with the Provision of ‘Coercive Services’ by a Private Military or Security Company
- 7 Duties to Prevent, Investigate, and Redress Human Rights Violations by Private Military and Security Companies: The Role of the Host State
- 8 Adjudicating Human Rights Violations Committed by Private Contractors in Conflict Situations before the European Court of Human Rights
- 9 The Right to Life and Self-defence of Private Military and Security Contractors in Armed Conflict
- 10 Status of Private Military and Security Company Personnel in the Law of International Armed Conflict
- 11 Private Military and Security Contractors as ‘Persons who Accompany the Armed Forces’
- 12 Private Military and Security Companies in Non-international Armed Conflicts: <i>Ius ad Bellum</i> and <i>Ius in Bello</i> Issues
- 13 Children's Rights: The Potential Impact of Private Military and Security Companies
- 14 Women and Private Military and Security Companies
- 15 Private Military and Security Companies and the EU's Crisis Management: Perspectives under Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law
- 16 Old Concepts and New Challenges
- 17 The Role of International Regulatory Initiatives on Business and Human Rights for Holding Private Military and Security Contractors to Account
- 18 Codes of Conduct for Private Military and Security Companies
- 19 Institutional Responsibility for Private Military and Security Companies
- 20 State Responsibility for Conduct of Private Military and Security Companies Violating <i>Ius ad Bellum</i>
- 21 The Criminal Responsibility of Private Military and Security Company Personnel under International Humanitarian Law
- 22 Immunity for Private Military Contractors: Legal Hurdles or Political Snags?
- 23 Liability in Tort of Private Military and Security Companies: Jurisdictional Issues and Applicable Law
- Bibliography
- Index
State Responsibility for Conduct of Private Military and Security Companies Violating Ius ad Bellum
State Responsibility for Conduct of Private Military and Security Companies Violating Ius ad Bellum
- Chapter:
- (p.396) 20 State Responsibility for Conduct of Private Military and Security Companies Violating Ius ad Bellum
- Source:
- War by Contract
- Author(s):
Charlotte Beaucillon
Julian Fernandez
Hélène Raspail
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
This chapter discusses the circumstances under which states can be held accountable for a breach of the ius ad bellum, when the acts in question were performed by a private military and security company (PMSC). The definition of the ius ad bellum itself is reconsidered as a corpus of norms, including a prohibition of the use of force but also encompassing obligations to prevent this use of force by private actors such as PMSCs. This lato sensu definition may lead to a recognition of state responsibility irrespective of whether or not the acts of private contractors are attributable to the state. It is argued that when a state cannot be held accountable for the violation of ius ad bellum stricto sensu by a PMSC, as a next step in determining state responsibility, respect of the due diligence principle needs to be examined. Moreover, states may have a duty to harmonise their national legal systems in order to prevent ius ad bellum violations by private actors.
Keywords: state responsibility, imputability, ius ad bellum, self-defence, due diligence, national legislation, uniform law
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- Title Pages
- Acknowledgements
- Table of Cases
- Table of Treaties, Legislation, and Other International Instruments
- Table of Reports and Other Documents
- List of Abbreviations
- List of Contributors
- Introduction
- 1 Policy Prospects for Regulating Private Military and Security Companies
- 2 The Use of Private Contractors in the Fight against Piracy: Policy Options
- 3 The Role of Human Rights in the Regulation of Private Military and Security Companies
- 4 The Impact of the EU Human Rights System on Operations of Private Military and Security Companies
- 5 The Role of the Home State in Ensuring Compliance with Human Rights by Private Military Contractors
- 6 Positive Human Rights Obligations of the Hiring State in Connection with the Provision of ‘Coercive Services’ by a Private Military or Security Company
- 7 Duties to Prevent, Investigate, and Redress Human Rights Violations by Private Military and Security Companies: The Role of the Host State
- 8 Adjudicating Human Rights Violations Committed by Private Contractors in Conflict Situations before the European Court of Human Rights
- 9 The Right to Life and Self-defence of Private Military and Security Contractors in Armed Conflict
- 10 Status of Private Military and Security Company Personnel in the Law of International Armed Conflict
- 11 Private Military and Security Contractors as ‘Persons who Accompany the Armed Forces’
- 12 Private Military and Security Companies in Non-international Armed Conflicts: <i>Ius ad Bellum</i> and <i>Ius in Bello</i> Issues
- 13 Children's Rights: The Potential Impact of Private Military and Security Companies
- 14 Women and Private Military and Security Companies
- 15 Private Military and Security Companies and the EU's Crisis Management: Perspectives under Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law
- 16 Old Concepts and New Challenges
- 17 The Role of International Regulatory Initiatives on Business and Human Rights for Holding Private Military and Security Contractors to Account
- 18 Codes of Conduct for Private Military and Security Companies
- 19 Institutional Responsibility for Private Military and Security Companies
- 20 State Responsibility for Conduct of Private Military and Security Companies Violating <i>Ius ad Bellum</i>
- 21 The Criminal Responsibility of Private Military and Security Company Personnel under International Humanitarian Law
- 22 Immunity for Private Military Contractors: Legal Hurdles or Political Snags?
- 23 Liability in Tort of Private Military and Security Companies: Jurisdictional Issues and Applicable Law
- Bibliography
- Index
