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Animal EvolutionInterrelationships of the Living Phyla$
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Animal Evolution: Interrelationships of the Living Phyla

Claus Nielsen

Print publication date: 2011

Print ISBN-13: 9780199606023

Published to Oxford Scholarship Online: December 2013

DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199606023.001.0001

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Phylum Cycliophora

Phylum Cycliophora

Chapter:
(p.204) 37 Phylum Cycliophora
Source:
Animal Evolution
Author(s):

Claus Nielsen

Publisher:
Oxford University Press
DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199606023.003.0037

The Cycliophora, a phylum of microscopic organisms that live on the mouth parts of lobsters, comprises only the genus Symbion with two described species, although molecular analyses suggest that there are more species. Symbion was originally placed close to entoprocts and ectoprocts, but appears to be a separate phylum based on the structure of the various stages and the extremely complicated life cycle, which consists of both sexual and asexual cycles. The cyclic degeneration of gut and buccal funnel is similar to the cyclic renewal of the polypides of the bryozoans. Molecular evidence points to a sister-group relationship with the entoprocts, and generally places it together with entoprocts and bryozoans.

Keywords:   entoprocts, ectoprocts, Cycliophora, Symbion, life cycle, bryozoans

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