Effect of Phytocannabinoids on Nausea and Vomiting
Effect of Phytocannabinoids on Nausea and Vomiting
Among over 60 terpeno-phenols derived from the cannabis plant, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) has by far been the most studied for its potential to reduce nausea and vomiting. Indeed, the first approved medical use of Δ9-THC was for nausea and vomiting. However, the remaining compounds in the plant have received relatively less investigation. This chapter reviews recent research on the potential of the phytocannabinoids, cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabivarin (CBDV), and cannabigerol (CBG) to reduce nausea and vomiting in animal models. CBD and CBDA attenuate nausea and vomiting via indirect agonism of the 5-HT1A receptor, while CBG acts as a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, reversing the suppressive effect of CBD on nausea and vomiting. THCA potently reduces nausea and vomiting, possibly by a CB1 receptor mechanism of action. Finally, CBDV, as well as a high dose of THCV, also attenuate nausea. These phytocannabinoids have therapeutic potential that merits further exploration.
Keywords: nausea, vomiting, tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabidiolic acid, tetrahydrocannabinolid acid, tetrahydrocannabivarin, cannabivarin, cannabigerol
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