- Title Pages
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Table of Cases
- Table of Legislation
- List of Figures and Tables
- List of Abbreviations
- 1 Data Privacy Laws in Asia—Context and History
- 2 International Structures Affecting Data Privacy in Asia
- 3 Standards by Which to Assess a Country’s Data Privacy Laws
- 4 Hong Kong SAR—New Life for an Established Law
- 5 South Korea—The Most Innovative Law
- 6 Taiwan—A Stronger Law, on a Constitutional Base
- 7 China—From Warring States to Convergence?
- 8 Japan—The Illusion of Protection
- 9 Macau SAR—The ‘Euro Model’
- 10 Singapore—Uncertain Scope, Strong Powers
- 11 Malaysia—ASEAN’s First Data Privacy Law in Force
- 12 The Philippines and Thailand—ASEAN’s Incomplete Comprehensive Laws
- 13 Vietnam and Indonesia—ASEAN’s Sectoral Laws
- 14 Privacy in the Other Five Southeast Asian (ASEAN) States
- 15 India—Confusion Raj, with Outsourcing
- 16 Privacy in the Other Seven South Asian (SAARC) States
- 17 Comparing Protections and Principles—An Asian Privacy Standard?
- 18 Assessing Data Privacy Enforcement in Asia—Alternatives and Evidence
- 19 International Developments—Future Prospects for Asia
- 20 Asian Data Privacy Laws—Trajectories, Lessons, and Optimism
- Index
Assessing Data Privacy Enforcement in Asia—Alternatives and Evidence
Assessing Data Privacy Enforcement in Asia—Alternatives and Evidence
- Chapter:
- (p.506) (p.507) 18 Assessing Data Privacy Enforcement in Asia—Alternatives and Evidence
- Source:
- Asian Data Privacy Laws
- Author(s):
Graham Greenleaf
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
This chapter compares the enforcement measures of the 11 Asian jurisdictions with data privacy laws, the scope and principles of which were compared in the previous chapter. Comparison commences with the question of what type or types of enforcement agencies are used (data protection authority, or ministry-based), and their independence. Methods of reactive enforcement are then compared, including investigation types and types of enforcement measures (compliance orders, administrative fines, criminal prosecutions, compensation, etc). Systemic methods of enforcement are then compared. Transparency, the evidence of enforcement, is compared. Finally, the extent to which Asian data privacy laws meet the goals of ‘responsive regulation’ is discussed.
Keywords: data protection, privacy, Asia, enforcement, transparency, responsive regulation
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- Title Pages
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Table of Cases
- Table of Legislation
- List of Figures and Tables
- List of Abbreviations
- 1 Data Privacy Laws in Asia—Context and History
- 2 International Structures Affecting Data Privacy in Asia
- 3 Standards by Which to Assess a Country’s Data Privacy Laws
- 4 Hong Kong SAR—New Life for an Established Law
- 5 South Korea—The Most Innovative Law
- 6 Taiwan—A Stronger Law, on a Constitutional Base
- 7 China—From Warring States to Convergence?
- 8 Japan—The Illusion of Protection
- 9 Macau SAR—The ‘Euro Model’
- 10 Singapore—Uncertain Scope, Strong Powers
- 11 Malaysia—ASEAN’s First Data Privacy Law in Force
- 12 The Philippines and Thailand—ASEAN’s Incomplete Comprehensive Laws
- 13 Vietnam and Indonesia—ASEAN’s Sectoral Laws
- 14 Privacy in the Other Five Southeast Asian (ASEAN) States
- 15 India—Confusion Raj, with Outsourcing
- 16 Privacy in the Other Seven South Asian (SAARC) States
- 17 Comparing Protections and Principles—An Asian Privacy Standard?
- 18 Assessing Data Privacy Enforcement in Asia—Alternatives and Evidence
- 19 International Developments—Future Prospects for Asia
- 20 Asian Data Privacy Laws—Trajectories, Lessons, and Optimism
- Index
