The Unsettled Elizabethan Settlement
The Unsettled Elizabethan Settlement
This chapter shows that religious turmoil, not the peace and stability implied by the term Elizabethan Settlement, characterized the reign of Elizabeth I. Polemical theology was rife, as was exhibited by John Jewel’s ‘Challenge Sermon’, Roman Catholic attacks on the English Church, the ‘Vestiarian’ controversy over the established Church’s retention of vestments, and the urgent ‘Admonitions’ to Parliament by those who sought further and more radical reforms. These were followed by Thomas Cartwright’s campaign to remake the English Church in the image of that of Geneva, Martin Marprelate’s sensational depictions of the English bishops, and the condemnations of the ‘halfly reformed’ English Church by religious separatists. Archbishop John Whitgift’s campaign against nonconformity and Richard Hooker’s apology of the Church were concerted attempts to secure the nation’s support of the established Church of England. Nevertheless, discontents were clearly evident and a religious consensus was still elusive at the end of the Queen’s reign.
Keywords: Elizabethan Settlement, Polemical theology, Challenge Sermon, Vestiarian Controversy, Admonitions to Parliament, Thomas Cartwright, Martin Marprelate, John Whitgift, Richard Hooker
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