- Title Pages
- [UNTITLED]
- Acknowledgements
- List of Contributors
- List of Abbreviations
- How Fighting Ends: A History of Surrender
- 1 Surrender and Prisoners in Prehistoric and Tribal Societies
- 2 Surrender in Ancient Greece
- 3 Surrender in Ancient Rome
- Introduction
- 4 Surrender in Medieval Europe—An Indirect Approach<sup>*</sup>
- 5 Surrender and Capitulation in the Middle East in the Age of the Crusades
- 6 Basil II the Bulgar-slayer and the Blinding of 15,000 Bulgarians in 1014: Mutilation and Prisoners of War in the Middle Ages
- Introduction
- 8 Surrender in the Northeastern Borderlands of Native America
- 9 Surrender in the Thirty Years War
- 10 Surrender and the Laws of War in Western Europe, <i>c.</i> 1660–1783
- 11 Ritual Performance: Surrender during the American War of Independence
- 12 Going Down with Flying Colours?
- Introduction
- 13 ‘Civilized, Rational Behaviour’? The Concept and Practice of Surrender in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1792–1815
- 14 Robert E. Lee, the Army of Northern Virginia, and Confederate Surrender
- 15 Surrender in Britain’s Small Colonial Wars of the Nineteenth Century
- 16 Surrender of Soldiers in World War I
- 17 By the book? Commanders Surrendering in World War I
- 18 The Breaking Point: Surrender 1918
- Introduction
- 25 Kosovo, the Serbian Surrender, and the Western Dilemma: Achieving Victories with Low Casualties
- 26 How Fighting Ends: Asymmetric Wars, Terrorism, and Suicide Bombing
- A ‘True Chameleon’?
- Index
Kosovo, the Serbian Surrender, and the Western Dilemma: Achieving Victories with Low Casualties
Kosovo, the Serbian Surrender, and the Western Dilemma: Achieving Victories with Low Casualties
- Chapter:
- (p.407) 25 Kosovo, the Serbian Surrender, and the Western Dilemma: Achieving Victories with Low Casualties
- Source:
- How Fighting Ends
- Author(s):
Michael Codner
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Western Powers after 1945 are under strict constraints to achieve their military victories with a minimum of own and also enemy casualties, because of their own and world public opinion which can delegitimize easily a military effort. The danger for modern states is to lose a war on the homefront; to lose political support. Western powers developed the concept of tailored airstrikes to lame the enemy and to sidestep this problem by being able to avoid costly offensives on the ground. The concept to force the enemy to surrender by deployment of air operations only was a further development of tactics first tried in the last months of the Second World War and is called EBO (Effect Based Operations). Michael Codner, head of RUSI, analyzes in his chapter how this concept worked — or did not work — to force former Yugoslavia to surrender in Kosovo.
Keywords: Kosovo, Yugoslavia, effect Based Operations, air warfare, NATO, russia
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- Title Pages
- [UNTITLED]
- Acknowledgements
- List of Contributors
- List of Abbreviations
- How Fighting Ends: A History of Surrender
- 1 Surrender and Prisoners in Prehistoric and Tribal Societies
- 2 Surrender in Ancient Greece
- 3 Surrender in Ancient Rome
- Introduction
- 4 Surrender in Medieval Europe—An Indirect Approach<sup>*</sup>
- 5 Surrender and Capitulation in the Middle East in the Age of the Crusades
- 6 Basil II the Bulgar-slayer and the Blinding of 15,000 Bulgarians in 1014: Mutilation and Prisoners of War in the Middle Ages
- Introduction
- 8 Surrender in the Northeastern Borderlands of Native America
- 9 Surrender in the Thirty Years War
- 10 Surrender and the Laws of War in Western Europe, <i>c.</i> 1660–1783
- 11 Ritual Performance: Surrender during the American War of Independence
- 12 Going Down with Flying Colours?
- Introduction
- 13 ‘Civilized, Rational Behaviour’? The Concept and Practice of Surrender in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1792–1815
- 14 Robert E. Lee, the Army of Northern Virginia, and Confederate Surrender
- 15 Surrender in Britain’s Small Colonial Wars of the Nineteenth Century
- 16 Surrender of Soldiers in World War I
- 17 By the book? Commanders Surrendering in World War I
- 18 The Breaking Point: Surrender 1918
- Introduction
- 25 Kosovo, the Serbian Surrender, and the Western Dilemma: Achieving Victories with Low Casualties
- 26 How Fighting Ends: Asymmetric Wars, Terrorism, and Suicide Bombing
- A ‘True Chameleon’?
- Index
