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Heuristics – The Foundations of Adaptive Behavior - Oxford Scholarship Online
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Heuristics: The Foundations of Adaptive Behavior

Gerd Gigerenzer, Ralph Hertwig, and Thorsten Pachur

Abstract

How do people make decisions when time is limited, information unreliable, and the future uncertain? Based on the work of Herbert A. Simon and with the help of colleagues around the world, the Adaptive Behavior and Cognition (ABC) Group at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development in Berlin has developed a research program on simple heuristics, also known as fast and frugal heuristics. These heuristics are efficient cognitive processes that ignore information and exploit the structure of the environment. In contrast to the widely held view that less complex processing necessarily reduces ... More

Keywords: decision making, ecological rationality, heuristics, inference

Bibliographic Information

Print publication date: 2011 Print ISBN-13: 9780199744282
Published to Oxford Scholarship Online: May 2011 DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199744282.001.0001

Authors

Affiliations are at time of print publication.

Gerd Gigerenzer, editor
Author Webpage

Ralph Hertwig, editor
Author Webpage

Thorsten Pachur, editor
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Contents

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Front Matter

Title Pages

List of Contributors

Introduction

Acknowledgments

Appetizer

Chapter 1 Homo heuristicus: Why Biased Minds Make Better Inferences

Gerd Gigerenzer and Henry Brighton

Part I Theory

Introduction to Chapter 2

Chapter 2 Reasoning the Fast and Frugal Way: Models of Bounded Rationality

Gerd Gigerenzer and Daniel G. Goldstein

Introduction to Chapter 3

Chapter 3 Models of Ecological Rationality: The Recognition Heuristic

Daniel G. Goldstein and Gerd Gigerenzer

Introduction to Chapter 4

Chapter 4 How Forgetting Aids Heuristic Inference

Lael J. Schooler and Ralph Hertwig

Introduction to Chapter 5

Chapter 5 Simple Heuristics and Rules of Thumb: Where Psychologists and Behavioural Biologists Might Meet

John M.C. Hutchinson and Gerd Gigerenzer

Introduction to Chapter 6

Chapter 6 Naive and yet Enlightened: From Natural Frequencies to Fast and Frugal Decision Trees

Laura Martignon, Oliver Vitouch, Masanori Takezawa, and Malcolm R. Forster

Introduction to Chapter 7

Chapter 7 The Priority Heuristic: Making Choices Without Trade-offs

Eduard Brandstätter, Gerd Gigerenzer, and Ralph Hertwig

Introduction to Chapter 8

Chapter 8 One-Reason Decision-Making: Modeling Violations of Expected Utility Theory

Konstantinos V. Katsikopoulos and Gerd Gigerenzer

Introduction to Chapter 9

Chapter 9 Moral Satisficing: Rethinking Moral Behavior as Bounded Rationality

Gerd Gigerenzer

Introduction to Chapter 10

Chapter 10 Hindsight Bias: A By-Product of Knowledge Updating?

Ulrich Hoffrage, Ralph Hertwig, and Gerd Gigerenzer

How are heuristics selected?

Introduction to Chapter 11

Chapter 11 SSL: A Theory of How People Learn to Select Strategies

Jörg Rieskamp and Philipp E. Otto

Part II Tests

Introduction to Chapter 12

Chapter 12 Fast, Frugal, and Fit: Simple Heuristics for Paired Comparison

Laura Martignon and Ulrich Hoffrage

Introduction to Chapter 13

Chapter 13 Heuristic and Linear Models of Judgment: Matching Rules and Environments

Robin M. Hogarth and Natalia Karelaia

Introduction to Chapter 14

Chapter 14 Categorization with Limited Resources: A Family of Simple Heuristics

Laura Martignon, Konstantinos V. Katsikopoulos, and Jan K. Woike

Introduction to Chapter 15

Chapter 15 A Signal Detection Analysis of the Recognition Heuristic

Timothy J. Pleskac

Introduction to Chapter 16

Chapter 16 The Relative Success of Recognition-Based Inference in Multichoice Decisions

Rachel McCloy, C. Philip Beaman, and Philip T. Smith

When do people rely on one good reason?

Introduction to Chapter 17

Chapter 17 The Quest for Take-the-Best: Insights and Outlooks from Experimental Research

Arndt Bröder

Introduction to Chapter 18

Chapter 18 Empirical Tests of a Fast-and-Frugal Heuristic: Not Everyone “Takes-the-Best”

Ben R. Newell, Nicola J. Weston, and David R. Shanks

Introduction to Chapter 19

Chapter 19 A Response-Time Approach to Comparing Generalized Rational and Take-the-Best Models of Decision Making

F. Bryan Bergert and Robert M. Nosofsky

Introduction to Chapter 20

Chapter 20 Sequential Processing of Cues in Memory-Based Multiattribute Decisions

Arndt Bröder and Wolfgang Gaissmaier

Introduction to Chapter 21

Chapter 21 Does Imitation Benefit Cue Order Learning?

Rocio Garcia-Retamero, Masanori Takezawa, and Gerd Gigerenzer

Introduction to Chapter 22

Chapter 22 The Aging Decision Maker: Cognitive Aging and the Adaptive Selection of Decision Strategies

Rui Mata, Lael J. Schooler, and Jörg Rieskamp

When do people rely on name recognition?

Introduction to Chapter 23

Chapter 23 On the Psychology of the Recognition Heuristic: Retrieval Primacy as a Key Determinant of Its Use

Thorsten Pachur and Ralph Hertwig

Introduction to Chapter 24

Chapter 24 The Recognition Heuristic in Memory-Based Inference: Is Recognition a Non-compensatory Cue?

Thorsten Pachur, Arndt Bröder, and Julian N. Marewski

Introduction to Chapter 25

Chapter 25 Why You Think Milan Is Larger than Modena: Neural Correlates of the Recognition Heuristic

Kirsten G. Volz, Lael J. Schooler, Ricarda I. Schubotz, Markus Raab, Gerd Gigerenzer, and D. Yves von Cramon

Introduction to Chapter 26

Chapter 26 Fluency Heuristic: A Model of How the Mind Exploits a By-Product of Information Retrieval

Ralph Hertwig, Stefan M. Herzog, Lael J. Schooler, and Torsten Reimer

Introduction to Chapter 27

Chapter 27 The Use of Recognition in Group Decision-Making

Torsten Reimer and Konstantinos V. Katsikopoulos

Part III Heuristics in the Wild

Introduction to Chapter 28

Chapter 28 Psychological Models of Professional Decision Making

Mandeep K. Dhami

Introduction to Chapter 29

Chapter 29 Geographic Profiling: The Fast, Frugal, and Accurate Way

Brent Snook, Paul J. Taylor, and Craig Bennell

Introduction to Chapter 30

Chapter 30 Take-the-Best in Expert–Novice Decision Strategies for Residential Burglary

Rocio Garcia-Retamero and Mandeep K. Dhami

Sports

Introduction to Chapter 31

Chapter 31 Predicting Wimbledon 2005 Tennis Results by Mere Player Name Recognition

Benjamin Scheibehenne and Arndt Bröder

Introduction to Chapter 32

Chapter 32 Simple Heuristics that Help Us Win

Will M. Bennis and Thorsten Pachur

Introduction to Chapter 33

Chapter 33 How Dogs Navigate to Catch Frisbees

Dennis M. Shaffer, Scott M. Krauchunas, Marianna Eddy, and Michael K. McBeath

Investment

Introduction to Chapter 34

Chapter 34 Optimal versus Naive Diversification: How Inefficient Is the 1/N Portfolio Strategy?

Victor DeMiguel, Lorenzo Garlappi, and Raman Uppal

Introduction to Chapter 35

Chapter 35 Parental Investment: How an Equity Motive Can Produce Inequality

Ralph Hertwig, Jennifer Nerissa Davis, and Frank J. Sulloway

Introduction to Chapter 36

Chapter 36 Instant Customer Base Analysis: Managerial Heuristics Often “Get It Right”

Markus Wübben and Florian von Wangenheim

Everyday things

Introduction to Chapter 37

Chapter 37 Green Defaults: Information Presentation and Pro-environmental Behaviour

Daniel Pichert and Konstantinos V. Katsikopoulos

Introduction to Chapter 38

Chapter 38 “If… ”: Satisficing Algorithms for Mapping Conditional Statements onto Social Domains

Alejandro López-Rousseau and Timothy Ketelaar

Introduction to Chapter 39

Chapter 39 Applying One Reason Decision-Making: The Prioritisation of Literature Searches

Michael D. Lee, Natasha Loughlin, and Ingrid B. Lundberg

Introduction to Chapter 40

Chapter 40 Aggregate Age-at-Marriage Patterns from Individual Mate-Search Heuristics

Peter M. Todd, Francesco C. Billari, and Jorge Simão

End Matter

References

Author Index

Subject Index