Strong Arms and Drinking Strength: Masculinity, Violence, and the Body in Ancient India
Jarrod L. Whitaker
Abstract
This book considers the ritualized poetic construction of male identity in the R̥gveda, India’s oldest Sanskrit text, and argues that an important aspect of early Vedic life involves the sustained promotion and embodiment of what it means to be a true man. The R̥gveda contains over a thousand hymns to primarily three gods: the deified ritual Fire, Agni, the war-god Indra, and the sacred beverage sóma. The hymns were sung in daylong fire rituals in which poet-priests prepared the sacred drink in order to empower Indra. The dominant image of Indra is that of a highly glamorized, violent, and pow ... More
This book considers the ritualized poetic construction of male identity in the R̥gveda, India’s oldest Sanskrit text, and argues that an important aspect of early Vedic life involves the sustained promotion and embodiment of what it means to be a true man. The R̥gveda contains over a thousand hymns to primarily three gods: the deified ritual Fire, Agni, the war-god Indra, and the sacred beverage sóma. The hymns were sung in daylong fire rituals in which poet-priests prepared the sacred drink in order to empower Indra. The dominant image of Indra is that of a highly glamorized, violent, and powerful Āryan male and the three gods represents the ideals of manhood. R̥gvedic poet-priests employ various poetic and performative strategies, some explicit, others less so, in order to construct their masculine ideology as normative, while justfymg it as the most valid way for men to live. For example, Poet-priests naturalize this ideology by encoding it within a man’s sense of his body and physical self. R̥gvedic ritual rhetoric and practices thus encode specific male roles, especially the role of man as warrior, while embedding these roles in a complex network of social, economic, and political relationships.
Keywords:
ritual,
mythology,
body,
masculinity,
martial ideology,
warrior culture,
Agni,
Indra,
physical strength,
political authority,
sóma
Bibliographic Information
| Print publication date: 2011 |
Print ISBN-13: 9780199755707 |
| Published to Oxford Scholarship Online: May 2011 |
DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199755707.001.0001 |
