Does a forceful U.S. foreign policy deter potential Islamist terrorists or inflame them to further violence? This chapter proposes a third option: U.S. foreign policy may hardly matter at all. Muslim views of U.S. policy are so jaded that they hardly respond to shifts in America's position. Rather than trying to woo the Muslim world, the chapter proposes that American foreign policy consider the repercussions of its actions on liberal Muslim leaders, who suffer the second-hand smoke of unpopular U.S. policies. Listening to their concerns and following their suggestions will advance U.S. interests in democracy and human rights, even if the United States itself does not become more popular.