Multivariate Analysis of Variance
Multivariate Analysis of Variance
Overview and Key Concepts
This chapter presents multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) as a generalization of the t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The t-test is a strategy to test hypotheses about differences between two groups on a single mean. When there are more than two means, it is possible to use a series of t-tests to evaluate hypotheses about the difference between each pair of group means (e.g., for three groups, there are three unique pairs of means). However, conducting multiple t-tests can lead to inflation of the type I error rate. Consequently, ANOVA is used to test hypotheses about differences between three or more groups on a single mean; and MANOVA is a strategy to test hypotheses about differences between two or more groups on two or more means (i.e., a vector of means). As a generalization of the t-test and ANOVA, MANOVA may be understood as the ratio between two measures of multivariate variance.
Keywords: MANOVA, t-test, ANOVA, dependent variables, independent variables, statistical analysis
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