- Title Pages
- Contributors
- Introduction
- Chapter 1 The Aromatization Hypothesis and the Discovery of Estrogen Synthesis by Brain Cells
- Chapter 2 Brain Aromatase in Fishes: Historical Perspective and Comparative Approaches
- Chapter 3 The Distribution and Regulation of Aromatase in the Mammalian Brain: from Mice to Monkeys
- Chapter 4 Multiple Forms of Aromatase in Suiformes: Tissue Distribution, Regulation, and Functional Significance
- Chapter 5 Regional Distribution of Aromatase in the Human Brain
- Chapter 6 Neuroanatomical Distribution of Aromatase in Birds: Cellular and Subcellular Analyses
- Chapter 7 Expression, Regulation, and Potential Functions of Aromatase in Radial Glial Cells of the Fish Brain
- Chapter 8 Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Brain Aromatase Expression
- Chapter 9 The Aromatization Hypothesis, 1970–1990
- Chapter 10 Aromatase and Behavior: Concepts Gained from Studies of Aromatase in the Avian Brain
- Chapter 11 Brain Aromatase and Territorial Aggression Across the Seasons in Male Song Sparrows
- Chapter 12 Testosterone Metabolism in Reptiles
- Chapter 13 Aromatase, Low Temperature Dormancy, and Reproduction in the Red-Sided Garter Snake
- Chapter 14 Differential Actions of Estrogens in the Male and Female Brain: A Case for Sex-Specific Medicines
- Chapter 15 A Historical and Personal Perspective on the Aromatization Revolution: Steinach Confirmed<sup>1</sup>
- Chapter 16 Aromatase and Sexual Differentiation of the Rodent Brain: The Old, the New, and the Unexpected
- Chapter 17 Aromatase and Sexual Differentiation: Lessons from the Aromatase and Alpha-Fetoprotein Knockout Mice
- Chapter 18 Aromatase, Estrogens, and Differentiation of Sexual Behavior and Partner Preference in Birds
- Chapter 19 Brain Aromatase and Neuroprotection in Mammals
- Chapter 20 Inducible Aromatase in Astroglia: Protection and Recovery from Neural Perturbation in Birds
- Chapter 21 Photoperiodic Regulation of Estrogen-Dependent Aggression
- Chapter 22 Cellular Mechanisms Controlling Rapid Changes in Brain Aromatase Activity
- Chapter 23 Rapid Modulation of Aromatase Activity by Social and Environmental Stimuli in Quail
- Chapter 24 Modulation of Central Auditory Processing by a Brain-Generated Estrogen: Rapid Effects on Neural Coding, Discrimination, and Behavior
- Chapter 25 Acute Synthesis and Action of Estrogens in Communication Circuits
- Chapter 26 Rapid Effects of Estradiol on Behavioral and Physiological Responses Related to Reproduction in Male Goldfish
- Chapter 27 Concluding Statements and Current Challenges
- Index
The Aromatization Hypothesis and the Discovery of Estrogen Synthesis by Brain Cells
The Aromatization Hypothesis and the Discovery of Estrogen Synthesis by Brain Cells
- Chapter:
- (p.3) Chapter 1 The Aromatization Hypothesis and the Discovery of Estrogen Synthesis by Brain Cells
- Source:
- Brain Aromatase, Estrogens, and Behavior
- Author(s):
Frederick Naftolin
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Although the discovery that brain cells could make estrogen from androgen precursors derived from the need to understand the basis of brain sexual differentiation, the consequences of this observation have been far reaching in the fields of neurobiology and endocrinology. An historical account of the events leading up to the discovery and insights to the involved people are presented. As with many scientific observations, more questions were raised than were answered by proof of the “Aromatization Hypothesis.” However, knowing that this metabolism exists has opened the possibility of further progress in brain research and allied fields.
Keywords: brain sexual differentiation, estrogen, estrogen synthetase, hormone, synaptic plasticity
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- Title Pages
- Contributors
- Introduction
- Chapter 1 The Aromatization Hypothesis and the Discovery of Estrogen Synthesis by Brain Cells
- Chapter 2 Brain Aromatase in Fishes: Historical Perspective and Comparative Approaches
- Chapter 3 The Distribution and Regulation of Aromatase in the Mammalian Brain: from Mice to Monkeys
- Chapter 4 Multiple Forms of Aromatase in Suiformes: Tissue Distribution, Regulation, and Functional Significance
- Chapter 5 Regional Distribution of Aromatase in the Human Brain
- Chapter 6 Neuroanatomical Distribution of Aromatase in Birds: Cellular and Subcellular Analyses
- Chapter 7 Expression, Regulation, and Potential Functions of Aromatase in Radial Glial Cells of the Fish Brain
- Chapter 8 Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Brain Aromatase Expression
- Chapter 9 The Aromatization Hypothesis, 1970–1990
- Chapter 10 Aromatase and Behavior: Concepts Gained from Studies of Aromatase in the Avian Brain
- Chapter 11 Brain Aromatase and Territorial Aggression Across the Seasons in Male Song Sparrows
- Chapter 12 Testosterone Metabolism in Reptiles
- Chapter 13 Aromatase, Low Temperature Dormancy, and Reproduction in the Red-Sided Garter Snake
- Chapter 14 Differential Actions of Estrogens in the Male and Female Brain: A Case for Sex-Specific Medicines
- Chapter 15 A Historical and Personal Perspective on the Aromatization Revolution: Steinach Confirmed<sup>1</sup>
- Chapter 16 Aromatase and Sexual Differentiation of the Rodent Brain: The Old, the New, and the Unexpected
- Chapter 17 Aromatase and Sexual Differentiation: Lessons from the Aromatase and Alpha-Fetoprotein Knockout Mice
- Chapter 18 Aromatase, Estrogens, and Differentiation of Sexual Behavior and Partner Preference in Birds
- Chapter 19 Brain Aromatase and Neuroprotection in Mammals
- Chapter 20 Inducible Aromatase in Astroglia: Protection and Recovery from Neural Perturbation in Birds
- Chapter 21 Photoperiodic Regulation of Estrogen-Dependent Aggression
- Chapter 22 Cellular Mechanisms Controlling Rapid Changes in Brain Aromatase Activity
- Chapter 23 Rapid Modulation of Aromatase Activity by Social and Environmental Stimuli in Quail
- Chapter 24 Modulation of Central Auditory Processing by a Brain-Generated Estrogen: Rapid Effects on Neural Coding, Discrimination, and Behavior
- Chapter 25 Acute Synthesis and Action of Estrogens in Communication Circuits
- Chapter 26 Rapid Effects of Estradiol on Behavioral and Physiological Responses Related to Reproduction in Male Goldfish
- Chapter 27 Concluding Statements and Current Challenges
- Index