- Title Pages
- Contributors
- Introduction
- Chapter 1 The Aromatization Hypothesis and the Discovery of Estrogen Synthesis by Brain Cells
- Chapter 2 Brain Aromatase in Fishes: Historical Perspective and Comparative Approaches
- Chapter 3 The Distribution and Regulation of Aromatase in the Mammalian Brain: from Mice to Monkeys
- Chapter 4 Multiple Forms of Aromatase in Suiformes: Tissue Distribution, Regulation, and Functional Significance
- Chapter 5 Regional Distribution of Aromatase in the Human Brain
- Chapter 6 Neuroanatomical Distribution of Aromatase in Birds: Cellular and Subcellular Analyses
- Chapter 7 Expression, Regulation, and Potential Functions of Aromatase in Radial Glial Cells of the Fish Brain
- Chapter 8 Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Brain Aromatase Expression
- Chapter 9 The Aromatization Hypothesis, 1970–1990
- Chapter 10 Aromatase and Behavior: Concepts Gained from Studies of Aromatase in the Avian Brain
- Chapter 11 Brain Aromatase and Territorial Aggression Across the Seasons in Male Song Sparrows
- Chapter 12 Testosterone Metabolism in Reptiles
- Chapter 13 Aromatase, Low Temperature Dormancy, and Reproduction in the Red-Sided Garter Snake
- Chapter 14 Differential Actions of Estrogens in the Male and Female Brain: A Case for Sex-Specific Medicines
- Chapter 15 A Historical and Personal Perspective on the Aromatization Revolution: Steinach Confirmed<sup>1</sup>
- Chapter 16 Aromatase and Sexual Differentiation of the Rodent Brain: The Old, the New, and the Unexpected
- Chapter 17 Aromatase and Sexual Differentiation: Lessons from the Aromatase and Alpha-Fetoprotein Knockout Mice
- Chapter 18 Aromatase, Estrogens, and Differentiation of Sexual Behavior and Partner Preference in Birds
- Chapter 19 Brain Aromatase and Neuroprotection in Mammals
- Chapter 20 Inducible Aromatase in Astroglia: Protection and Recovery from Neural Perturbation in Birds
- Chapter 21 Photoperiodic Regulation of Estrogen-Dependent Aggression
- Chapter 22 Cellular Mechanisms Controlling Rapid Changes in Brain Aromatase Activity
- Chapter 23 Rapid Modulation of Aromatase Activity by Social and Environmental Stimuli in Quail
- Chapter 24 Modulation of Central Auditory Processing by a Brain-Generated Estrogen: Rapid Effects on Neural Coding, Discrimination, and Behavior
- Chapter 25 Acute Synthesis and Action of Estrogens in Communication Circuits
- Chapter 26 Rapid Effects of Estradiol on Behavioral and Physiological Responses Related to Reproduction in Male Goldfish
- Chapter 27 Concluding Statements and Current Challenges
- Index
Multiple Forms of Aromatase in Suiformes: Tissue Distribution, Regulation, and Functional Significance
Multiple Forms of Aromatase in Suiformes: Tissue Distribution, Regulation, and Functional Significance
- Chapter:
- (p.64) Chapter 4 Multiple Forms of Aromatase in Suiformes: Tissue Distribution, Regulation, and Functional Significance
- Source:
- Brain Aromatase, Estrogens, and Behavior
- Author(s):
Alan Conley
Veronica N. Orr
Brian C. Trainor
Trish Berger
Austin Hughes
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Pigs have three CYP19 genes encoding functional paralogues of aromatase cytochrome P450 expressed tissue specifically in the gonads/hypothalamus, placenta, and preimplantation blastocyst. Gene duplication is predicted to have relaxed selection pressure and allowed evolution of enzyme function. All isozymes catalyze estrogen synthesis. However, the “gonadal/hypothalamic” form (ghP450arom) is unique among mammalian aromatases in also synthesizing a nonaromatizable, biopotent testosterone metabolite, 1OH-testosterone (1OH-T) that is hypothesized to have promoted increased ovulation rate and litter size. High ghP450arom expression in porcine testis facilitates study of differential regulation in hypothalamus and gonads that is not possible in other species. These, the first such studies in pig brain, demonstrate unusual aspects of P450arom expression and regulation in the hypothalamus, offering promise of gaining better insight into roles of P450arom in reproductive function.
Keywords: aromatase, domestic pig, evolution, gene duplication, gonads, hypothalamus, placenta, reproductive function, suiforme
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- Title Pages
- Contributors
- Introduction
- Chapter 1 The Aromatization Hypothesis and the Discovery of Estrogen Synthesis by Brain Cells
- Chapter 2 Brain Aromatase in Fishes: Historical Perspective and Comparative Approaches
- Chapter 3 The Distribution and Regulation of Aromatase in the Mammalian Brain: from Mice to Monkeys
- Chapter 4 Multiple Forms of Aromatase in Suiformes: Tissue Distribution, Regulation, and Functional Significance
- Chapter 5 Regional Distribution of Aromatase in the Human Brain
- Chapter 6 Neuroanatomical Distribution of Aromatase in Birds: Cellular and Subcellular Analyses
- Chapter 7 Expression, Regulation, and Potential Functions of Aromatase in Radial Glial Cells of the Fish Brain
- Chapter 8 Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Brain Aromatase Expression
- Chapter 9 The Aromatization Hypothesis, 1970–1990
- Chapter 10 Aromatase and Behavior: Concepts Gained from Studies of Aromatase in the Avian Brain
- Chapter 11 Brain Aromatase and Territorial Aggression Across the Seasons in Male Song Sparrows
- Chapter 12 Testosterone Metabolism in Reptiles
- Chapter 13 Aromatase, Low Temperature Dormancy, and Reproduction in the Red-Sided Garter Snake
- Chapter 14 Differential Actions of Estrogens in the Male and Female Brain: A Case for Sex-Specific Medicines
- Chapter 15 A Historical and Personal Perspective on the Aromatization Revolution: Steinach Confirmed<sup>1</sup>
- Chapter 16 Aromatase and Sexual Differentiation of the Rodent Brain: The Old, the New, and the Unexpected
- Chapter 17 Aromatase and Sexual Differentiation: Lessons from the Aromatase and Alpha-Fetoprotein Knockout Mice
- Chapter 18 Aromatase, Estrogens, and Differentiation of Sexual Behavior and Partner Preference in Birds
- Chapter 19 Brain Aromatase and Neuroprotection in Mammals
- Chapter 20 Inducible Aromatase in Astroglia: Protection and Recovery from Neural Perturbation in Birds
- Chapter 21 Photoperiodic Regulation of Estrogen-Dependent Aggression
- Chapter 22 Cellular Mechanisms Controlling Rapid Changes in Brain Aromatase Activity
- Chapter 23 Rapid Modulation of Aromatase Activity by Social and Environmental Stimuli in Quail
- Chapter 24 Modulation of Central Auditory Processing by a Brain-Generated Estrogen: Rapid Effects on Neural Coding, Discrimination, and Behavior
- Chapter 25 Acute Synthesis and Action of Estrogens in Communication Circuits
- Chapter 26 Rapid Effects of Estradiol on Behavioral and Physiological Responses Related to Reproduction in Male Goldfish
- Chapter 27 Concluding Statements and Current Challenges
- Index