Rock-Paper-Scissors Everywhere
Rock-Paper-Scissors Everywhere
This chapter documents general RPS interactions in mating systems for isopods, damselflies, fish, and birds. It applies Hadamard products to show how mate preferences can change one RPS game into another. Regular RPS cycles in one sex favor invasion of a rule of thumb in the other sex in which common mating types are avoided and rare types are preferred. From such interactions, the one-population true RPS game is converted into an apostatic RPS game. The RPS can also be broken if mates evolve preference for self-mating types, with implications for cooperation and speciation. A new co-evolutionary model describes predator/prey interactions with learning. The model is referred to as ABC-NR after the conspicuous and toxic aposematic model, harmless Batesian mimics, and cryptic types in prey, while predators are either naÏve or responsive to aposematic signals. Fisher’s conjecture of an advantage from prey clustering is required for an interior ESS.
Keywords: rock-paper-scissors mating games, predator-prey co-evolution, aposematic, Batesian, cryptic, naÏve versus responsive predators
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