The impacts of urbanization on avian disease transmission and emergence
The impacts of urbanization on avian disease transmission and emergence
This chapter examines avian disease transmission and emergence in cities. It first summarizes the relevant literature then integrates it with ideas derived from the fields of disease ecology and ecological immunology. This approach provides conceptual unification and direction to an area that is simply too young to warrant synthesis. The chapter argues that among all the factors that impact avian disease in cities, perhaps the most controllable is human provisioning of resources. Although landfills, restaurants, food processing sites, and farms can impact avian disease cycles (and epizootic risk), the maintenance and use of bird feeders might be the one that, if modified, could rapidly and significantly affect urban health.
Keywords: avian disease, birds, disease transmission, disease ecology, ecological immunology, urban health, bird feeders
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