This chapter examines some of the best-known suggestions for advancing justice when it comes to natural resources: resource taxes. It begins by addressing some general questions about when, why, and on what we should levy taxes. It also addresses some concerns about taxing natural resources in particular, and clarifies the role resource taxes can play in the egalitarian project. One of its principal conclusions is that a single undifferentiated global tax on natural resources is unlikely to serve justice well. The chapter therefore concludes with discussions of user charges on common-pool resources, carbon taxes, and a tax on Sovereign Wealth Funds.