Success and Failure in Human Development, 1980–2014
Success and Failure in Human Development, 1980–2014
This chapter analyses performance in human development over a thirty-five-year period, identifying the most and least successful countries in the main developing regions, on the basis of the classifications put forward in Chapter 3. The chapter finds that there are no unique patterns leading to success or failure; rather, there are alternative paths to either positive or negative outcomes, with varying combinations of economic growth, inequality, and social expenditures. However, successful countries on improvement in basic human development tended to have higher secondary enrolments and better female/male ratios in secondary enrolment. Successful countries on basic human development did worse on environment than the weak performers. The failure countries mostly had poor economic growth and had often suffered conflict. Looking at dimensions beyond health, education, and incomes, the chapter finds no strong correlation between success in basic human development and other dimensions of human development, notably political freedoms, security, or inequality.
Keywords: inequality, economic growth, political freedom, human development, conflict, environment
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