Muslim Jurists’ Criteria for the Division of the World into Dar al-Harb and Dar al-Islam
Muslim Jurists’ Criteria for the Division of the World into Dar al-Harb and Dar al-Islam
There is disagreement over the definition of dar al-Islam and dar al-harb between classical and contemporary jurists. Different authors have laid down different criteria; we find different opinions even within the same school; and at times variations may even be found with regard to the same author and/or in the same treatise. Some jurists give preference to Islamic law, while other focus on the safety of Muslims. The majority accepts that dar al-Islam can be transformed into dar al-harb, while Ibn Hajar holds that a territory belonging to dar al-Islam will never lose its status. There is also divergence on the question whether the world is divided into two or three categories.
Keywords: muwada’a, dar al-harb, dar al-islam, dar al-iman, dar al-fisq, dar-murakaba, ‘aqd al-dhimma, mushrikun, dar al-kufr
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