The Brain as a Tool: A Neuroscientist's Account
Ray Guillery
Abstract
We don’t perceive the world and then react to it. We learn to know it from our interactions with it. All inputs that reach the cerebral cortex about events in the brain, the body, or the world bring two messages: one is about these events, the other, travelling along a branch of that input, is an instruction already on its way to execution. This second message, not a part of standard textbook teaching, allows us to anticipate our actions, distinguishing them from the actions of others, and thus providing a clear sense of self. The mammalian brain has a hierarchy of cortical areas, where higher ... More
We don’t perceive the world and then react to it. We learn to know it from our interactions with it. All inputs that reach the cerebral cortex about events in the brain, the body, or the world bring two messages: one is about these events, the other, travelling along a branch of that input, is an instruction already on its way to execution. This second message, not a part of standard textbook teaching, allows us to anticipate our actions, distinguishing them from the actions of others, and thus providing a clear sense of self. The mammalian brain has a hierarchy of cortical areas, where higher areas monitor actions of lower areas, and each area can modify actions to be executed by the phylogenetically older brain parts. Brains of our premammalian ancestors lacked this hierarchy, but their descendants are still strikingly capable of movement control: frogs can catch flies. The cortical hierarchy itself appears to establish and increase, from lower to higher levels, our conscious access to events. This book explores the neural connections that provide us with a sense of self and generate our conscious experiences. It reveals how much yet needs to be learnt about the relevant neural pathways.
Keywords:
neural pathways,
cerebral cortex,
transthalamic corticocortical hierarchies,
sense of self,
conscious experiences,
evolution of brains
Bibliographic Information
| Print publication date: 2017 |
Print ISBN-13: 9780198806738 |
| Published to Oxford Scholarship Online: October 2017 |
DOI:10.1093/oso/9780198806738.001.0001 |
Authors
Affiliations are at time of print publication.
Ray Guillery, author
Honorary Emeritus Research Fellow, MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford
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