Dopamine receptor subtypes and incentive learning
Dopamine receptor subtypes and incentive learning
Dopamine receptor subtypes and incentive learning explains that dopamine receptors are G protein-coupled and form two families: D1-like receptors, including D1 and D5, stimulate adenylyl cyclase and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP); D2-like receptors, including D2, D3, and D4, inhibit cAMP. Antipsychotic medications are dopamine receptor antagonists and their clinical potency is strongly correlated with blockade of D2 receptors, implicating overactivity of D2 receptors in psychosis in schizophrenia. D1- and D2-like receptors appear to be involved in unconditioned locomotor activity and incentive learning. D1-like receptors are implicated more strongly in incentive learning and D2-like receptors more strongly in locomotion. D3 receptors may play a relatively greater role in expression than acquisition of incentive learning. Dopamine receptor subtypes form heteromers with each other and with the receptors of other neurotransmitters (e.g., glutamate, adenosine, ghrelin) and the signaling properties of these heteromers can differ from those of either receptor in isolation.
Keywords: antipsychotic, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, D1-like, D2-like, D3, dopamine, heteromer, incentive learning, receptor, schizophrenia
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